Unit4Reading-Centered-Activities大学英语第四单元

In-ClassReadingAfter-ClassReading1.BackgroundInformation2.ExtensiveReading3.IntensiveReading4.Exercises1.BackgroundInformation1.PsychologyPsychologytriestoexplainwhypeopleact,think,andfeelthewaytheydo.Itisayoungandgrowingsciencethatcoversabroadrangeofhumanactivities.Psychologistsareinterestednotonlyinhowindividualmindsworkbutalsointhevariousinteractions(交互作用)ofmindsinsociety.2.SigmundFreudThewholefieldofpsychoanalysisoriginatedwiththeresearchoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud(1856-1939).Accordingtohistheories,peoplearedrivenbyirrationalforcesorprimitive(原始的)instincts(本能).MuchofFreud’sworkwasbasedonhisinterpretationofdreamsandsexualinstincts.3.BehaviortherapyBehaviortherapyteachespatientstoquelltheanxietythatarisesfromsocialsituations,andtofacethesesituationsratherthanavoidthem.Itisnotsomethingdonetoapatient;itisastructuredsetoftechniquesthatapatientlearnstoemploywheneveranxiety,panic,discomfort,dysfunctionoravoidancearises.Itfocusesonspecificstepsapatientcantaketoreduceanxietyandkeepitfromreturning.2.ExtensiveReading1)Pre-Reading2)TextStructure3)ReadingComprehension1)Pre-ReadingWorkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Whenyouhaveanyhealthproblems,willyoualwaysgotothedoctor?Ifso,whatdoyouexpectfromthedoctor?Words&ExpressionsYouMayUsediagnosetheproblemcomfortmewriteaprescriptiontimeconsuminggivesometestsaseriouscasegetovertheproblemmorewaterSample1WhenIhavehealthproblems,Iwillgotothedoctor.Iwantthedoctortoexamineme,todiagnosetheproblem,towriteaprescriptionortotellmeifthereisanythingIshouldorshouldnotdo.Aboveall,IalwaysexpectthatthedoctorwilltellmethatIwillbeabletogetovertheproblemorrecoverquickly.Iusuallyavoidgoingtothehospitalbecausetoseeadoctorisreallytiringandtime-consuming.WhenIdon’tfeelwellandit’snotaveryseriousillness,whatIusuallydoistohaveagoodrest.Forexample,whenIhaveacold,Iwilldrinklotsofwaterandstayinbed.Ifit’samoreserioushealthproblem,andIcan’trecoverbytakingagoodrest,I’llgotothedoctorandgetsomemedicine.Likemostpeople,Ihopethedoctorwillreassuremebesidesprescribingthemedicineformyillness.Sample22)TextStructurePartIIntroduction(Paras.1—2)Whatisplacebo?PartII(Paras.3—7)ThestudyoftheplaceboPartIII(Paras.8—9)DifferentcasesinwhichaplacebomayworkPartIV(Paras.10—11)TwooppositeattitudestowardstheuseofaplaceboPartV(Para.12)Conclusion:Itissuggestedthatthehumanmindmaybestrongerthanwethinkitis.3)ReadingComprehension1Workinpairstocompletetheoutlineofthepassage.1Introduction(Paras.1-2)Theterm____________isintroduced:whenitisprescribedandwhatitis.“placebo”2Thestudyoftheplacebo(Paras.3-7)AOneexplanation:____________________________________________________.BTheotherexplanation:__________________________________________________.CThemostpowerfulplaceboofall:___________.Supportingevidence:Firstgroup(ledbyadoctor):______________________gotbetter.Secondgroup(ledbyanurse):_______________________________gotbetter.TheplaceboworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitselfTheplacebomakesthewishtogetbetterbecomerealitythedoctor70percentofthepeopleOnly25percentofthepeople3Differentcasesinwhichaplacebomaywork(Paras.8-9)Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwith__________,_________,______,and_____________________.Anexperimentwasdonetoseeifitworkswitholdpeople:coldsseasicknesscoughspainafteranoperationThefirstgroupweregiven______________.Result:___________________________________________________________________________________.Thesecondgroupweregiven________.Result:__________________________________________________________.Thethirdgroupweregiven____________________________________________________________.Result:_________________________________________________________________________.nothingatallThefirstgroupshowednochangesfromthewayoldpeopleinthatvillagehadalwaysbeenplaceboThesecondgrouphadmuchbetterhealthandalowerdeathratearealdrugandtoldthatitwouldhelpwiththeproblemsofoldageThethirdgroupshowedmuchthesameresultsasthegroupthattooktheplacebo4Twooppositeattitudestowardtheuseofaplacebo(Paras.10-11)Somedoctorsthinkthat_____________________________________________________.Othercountriesareknowntohavebeenusingplacebosforhundredsofyears.5Conclusion(Para.12)________________________________________________________________.iftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeusedItissuggestedthatthehumanmindmaybestrongerthanwethinkitis2Thefollowingisasummaryofthepassage.Completeitwithappropriatewordsfromthepassage.Thestudyofthe1)________opensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbody2)_______tomedication.Butitisnotyetknownhowplacebos3)______.Somepeoplesayit’sbecausethe4)______isfooledintobelievingitgotmedicine.Butotherpeoplesaythisisnotthe5)_______.Theybelievetheplacebomakesthewishtogetbetterbecome6)_________.Andmanyothersthinkthesuccessofthistreatmentrestsalotwiththe7)______________betweenthepatientandthedoctor.Ifthepatienthasalotof8)________inthedoctor,thenplaceboreactsworkmindcaserealityrelationshiptrusttheplaceboismorelikelytowork.Soinaway,thedoctoristhemost9)____________placeboofall.Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwithalotofdifferent10)_______likeseasickness,coughs,coldsandp