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1专业英语翻译理论专业英语翻译理论2专业英语翻译理论范文:AerobicTreatmentAerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.Aerobicbacteriaarelikehumansinthattheyrequireoxygentosurviveandthrive.Thisistheprimarydifferencebetweenaerobicsystemsandsepticsystems,yousee.Septicsystemsdependonmuchlessefficientanaerobicbacteria.3专业英语翻译理论Duringthisoxidationprocess,pollutantsarebrokendownintocarbondioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphatesandbiomass(micro-organisms).Byoptimizingtheoxygensupplywithso-calledaerators,theprocesscanbesignificantlyaccelerated.Ofallbiologicalwastetreatmentmethod,aerobicdigestionisthemostwidespeadprocessusedthroughouttheworld(morethan95%).Aerobicbacteriademandoxygentodecomposedissolvedpollutants.Largeamountsofpollutantsrequirelargequantitiesofbacteria;hencethedemandforoxygenwillbehigh.TheBiologicalOxygenDemand(BOD)isameasureofthequantityofdissolvedorganicpollutantsthatcanberemovedinbiologicaloxidationbythebacteria.Itisexpressedinmg/L.4专业英语翻译理论TheChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)measuresthequantityofdissolvedorganicpollutantsthatcanberemovedinchemicaloxidation,byaddingstrongacids.Itisexpressedinmg/L.TheratioBOD/CODgivesanindicationofthefractionofpollutantsinthewastewaterthatisbiodegradable.Aerobicbacteriaareveryefficientinbreakingdownwasteproducts.Asaresult,aerobictreatmentusuallyyieldsbettereffluentqualitythanthatobtainedinanaerobicprocesses.5专业英语翻译理论1.专业英语翻译概论1.1专业英语的特点1.1.1专业英语的词汇特点①专业词汇出现的频率低。②词义专一。③广泛是使用缩写词。如:CODchemicaloxygendemand化学需氧量BODbiochemicaloxygendemand生化需氧量TOCtotalorganiccarbon总有机碳DOdissolvedoxygen溶解氧6专业英语翻译理论POPspersistentorganicpollutants持久性有机污染物TSPtotalsuspendedparticle总悬浮颗粒TKNtotalKjeldahlnitrogen总凯氏氮UASBupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket上流式厌氧污泥床MBRmembranebioreactor膜生物反应器SBRsequencingbatchreactor间歇式活性污泥法1.1.2专业英语的句法特点①广泛使用陈述句。Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.7专业英语翻译理论②广泛使用被动语态。Duringthisoxidationprocess,pollutantsarebrokendownintocarbondioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphatesandbiomass(micro-organisms).Byoptimizingtheoxygensupplywithso-calledaerators,theprocesscanbesignificantlyaccelerated.被动语态在专业英语中的使用比在其他场合更为广泛,主要因为被动句比主动句更能说明需要论证的对象,更能使其位置鲜明、突出。8专业英语翻译理论③简略表达多。TheratioBOD/CODgivesanindicationofthefractionofpollutantsinthewastewaterthatisbiodegradable.④长句使用多。Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.主句带若干从句,从句带短语,短语带从句,相互依附,相互制约。9专业英语翻译理论Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillion(万亿)metrictons(公吨)oficeencasedin(包含在)10,000icebergs(冰山)thatbreakawayfrom(脱离)thepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica(南极洲).句子倒置。Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillionmetrictonsofice…多重修饰。Iceencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.10专业英语翻译理论Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.庖丁解牛。iceencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.就近修饰原则。Layer1:Iceencasedin10,000icebergsLayer2:icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,icebergsmorethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.粗译:世界大洋里漂浮着7659万亿吨的冰。这些冰包含在10000多个冰山里。这些冰山从极地冰盖脱落而产生;超过90%的这些冰山来源于南极。11专业英语翻译理论1.1.3专业英语的修辞特点①时态运用有限。过去研究—过去时(与现在不发生联系);讨论理论用现在时。Biofiltrationtechniquefordisposingammonium-contaminatedgasstreamswasinvestigated.②修辞手法较为单调。12专业英语翻译理论③逻辑性语法词使用普遍。如:表示原因的词:because,becauseof,dueto,owingto,as,asaresult,causedby,for表示语气转折的词:but,however,nevertheless,yet,otherwise表示逻辑、顺利连接的词:so,thus,therefore,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto表示限制的词:only,ifonly,except,besides,unless表示假设的词:suppose,supposing,assuming,provided,providingAerobicbacteriaareveryefficientinbreakingdownwasteproducts.Asaresult,aerobictreatmentusuallyyieldsbettereffluentqualitythanthatobtainedinanaerobicprocesses.13专业英语翻译理论1.2翻译的基本知识1.2.1翻译标准①忠实:译文必须忠实、正确地传达原文的内容。②通顺:译文的语言必须规范、流畅、通俗易懂。14专业英语翻译理论1.2.2翻译的过程理解---表达①翻译的理解过程a.通读全文,领会大意。b.明辨语法,弄清关系。c.结合上下文,推敲词义。Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthewaste.15专业英语翻译理论②翻译的表达过程a.一稿初译,忠实为主。b.二稿核对,注意逻辑。c.三稿定局,润色词句。③翻译的方法a.直译b.意译Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.16专业英语翻译理论2.词义的选择和引申2.1词义的选择2.1.1根据词类选择词义E.g.:like:像、同样的、喜欢、希望、如同①Hewouldliketojoinourdiscussion.②Thingslikeair,waterormetalarematter.③Likechargesrepel(排斥),unlikechargesattract.④IhopethatIcandrivethetractorlikeyoudo.17专业英语翻译理论2.1.2根据词的搭配关系选择词义E.g.:operate:操作、运转、完成、实施a.Thermalconvection(对流)willnotoperatedinzerogravity.
本文标题:环境工程专业英语翻译理论PPT
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