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当前位置:首页 > 建筑/环境 > 工程监理 > 材料成型及控制工程专业英语-6.LIFE-AND-FAILTURE-OF-DIE
材料成型及控制工程专业英语TranslationSkill—WordConversion(翻译技巧——词性转换)转译成汉语动词;转译成汉语名词;转译成汉语形容词;转译成汉语副词。由于英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,所以它们在语言结构与表达形式方面各有特点。要使译文既忠实于原意,又顺畅可读,就不能局限于逐词对等,必须采用适当的词性转换。英语句法要求一个句子只能有一个谓语动词(并列谓语必须有连词),其他动词必须变成非谓语形式,而汉语中使用动词比英语多,也比较灵活,有时一个短句子就用了好几个动词。因此英语中名词、形容词、介词和副词均可转译为汉语动词。转译成汉语动词转译成汉语动词Achangeofstatefromasolidtoaliquidformrequiresheatenergy.Thetermlaserstandsforamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.译:从固态变为液态需要热能。(名词转译成动词)译:“激光”这个术语指的是利用辐射的受激发射放大光波。(介词转译成动词)转译成汉语动词Bothofthesubstancesarenotsolubleinwater.译:这两种物质都不溶于水。(形容词转译成动词)Inthiscasethetemperatureinfurnaceisup.译:在这种情况下,炉温就升高。(形容词转译成动词)转译成汉语名词Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.英语中有些动词的概念很难用汉语东西直接表达出来,这时可以转译为汉语名词。译:这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐磨性强。(动词转译成名词)转译成汉语名词Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.译:这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。(代词转译成名词)Allstructuralmaterialsbehaveplasticallyabovetheirelasticrange.译:超过弹性极限时,一切结构材料都会显示出塑性。(副词转译成名词)Thecuttingtoolmustbestrong,hard,tough,andwearresistant.转译成汉语名词某些表示事物特征的形容词做表语时可将其转译成名词,其后往往加上“性”、“度”、“体”等。带有定冠词的某些形容词用作名词,应译成名词。译:刀具必须具有足够的强度、硬度、韧性和耐磨性。Boththecompoundsareacids,theformerisstrong,thelatterisweak.译:这两种化合物都是酸,前者是强酸,后者是弱酸转译成汉语形容词Thisexperimentwasasuccess.Thisman-machinesystemischieflycharacterizedbyitssimplicityofoperationandtheeasewithwhichitcanbemaintained.译:这个试验是成功的。(名词转译成形容词)译:这种人机系统的主要特点是操作简单,容易维修。(副词转译成形容词)转译成汉语形容词Itisdemonstratedthatdustisextremelyhazardous.Theequationsbelowarederivedfromthoseabove.译:已经证实,粉尘具有极大的危害。(副词转译成形容词)译:下面的方程式是由上面的那些方程式推导出来的。(副词转译成形容词)转译成汉语副词Themechanicalautomatizationmakesforatremendousriseinlaborproductivity.译:机械自动化可以大大地提高劳动生产率。(形容词转译成副词)转译成汉语副词Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.译:直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。(形容词转译成副词)Rapidevaporationattheheatingsurfacetendstomakethesteamwet.译:加热面上的迅速蒸发,往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。(动词转译成副词)CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIE6.1Generaldeterioration变坏;退化;损耗heatchecking热致裂纹surfacefinish表面粗糙度reversal颠倒,相反breakdown破坏,击穿overload(使)过(超)载breakage断裂dielife模具寿命mode方式,状态,模式diefailure模具损坏-13-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIE6.1Generalthermalfatigue热疲劳discrete不连续的,单个的mechanicalfatigue机械疲劳cavity模膛,型槽layer层stock坯料,原材料abrasive磨料的,磨损的impact冲击,碰撞impression型腔(槽),压印hardenability淬透性,可淬性-14--15-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEProperselectionofthediematerialandofthediemanufacturingtechniquedetermines,toalargeextent,theusefullifeofformingdies.适当地选用模具材料和模具制造技术,在很大程度上决定了成形模具的使用寿命。-16-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEDiesmayhavetobereplacedforanumberofreasons,suchaschangesindimensionsduetowearorplasticdeformation,deteriorationofthesurfacefinish,breakdownoflubrication,andcrackingorbreakage.由于很多原因,模具不得不被更换,譬如由于磨损或塑性变形引起了尺寸改变,表面粗糙度的恶化,润滑系统的破坏、模具的开裂和破损。dimensions尺寸、规格deterioration恶化lubrication润滑breakage破损-17-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEInhotimpressiondieforging,theprincipalmodesofdiefailureareerosion,thermalfatigue,mechanicalfatigueandpermanent(plastic)deformation.在热模腔锻造中,模具失效的主要方式是侵蚀、热疲劳、机械疲劳和永久变形。impression型腔,模穴principal主要的permanent永久的-18-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEInerosion,alsocommonlycalleddiewear,materialisactuallyremovedfromthediesurfacebypressureandslidingofthedeformingmaterial,wearresistanceofthediematerial,diesurfacetemperature,relativeslidingspeedatthedie/materialinterfaceandthenatureoftheinterfacelayerarethemostsignificantfactorsinfluencingabrasivediewear.侵蚀破坏,通常也称为模具磨损,指由于压力或变形材料的流动引起的模具表面材料的流失,材料的耐磨性、模具表面温度、模具/材料接触面相对滑动速度以及接触面的性质,这些都是对模具磨损产生影响的的重要因素。sliding滑动interface接触面、接口abrasive有研磨作用的-19-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEThermalfatigueoccursonthesurfaceofthedieimpressioninhotformingandresultsinheatchecking.Thermalfatigueresultsfromcyclicyieldingofthediesurfaceduetocontactwiththehotdeformingmaterial.热疲劳现象产生于热成型模腔的表面,从而导致热裂纹。热疲劳是由于模具表面与热变形材料接触而循环变形产生的。heatchecking热致裂纹cyclic循环的;周期的-20-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEThiscontactcausesthesurfacelayerstoexpand,and,becauseoftheverysteeptemperaturegradients,thesurfacelayersaresubjecttocompressivestresses.这样的接触导致了表面层膨胀,并且因为温度梯度非常陡,表面层受到压应力。expand扩张steep陡峭的,急剧升降的temperaturegradients温度梯度-21-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEAtsufficientlyhightemperatures,thesecompressivestressesmaycausethesurfacelayerstodeform.Whenthediesurfacecools,astressreversalmayoccurandthesurfacelayerswillthenbeintension。当温度足够高时,这些压应力就会导致表面层变形。当模具表面冷却时,会产生应力的逆转,表面层将承受拉应力。compressivestresses压应力reversal逆转tensionstresses拉应力-22-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEAfterrepeatedcyclinginthismanner,fatiguewillcauseformationofacrackpatternthatisrecognizedasheatchecking.如此多次重复循环后,疲劳将导致裂纹形成,这被认为是热裂变形。pattern模式-23-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEDiebreakageorcrackingisduetomechanicalfatigueandoccursincaseswherethediesareoverloadedandlocalstressesarehigh.模具的破损和裂纹是由于机械疲劳造成的,它们在模具过载和局部压应力过高的条件下产生。overload过载localstresses局部应力-24-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEThediesaresubjectedtoalternatingstressesduetoloadingandunloadingduringthedeformationprocess,andthiscausescrackinitiationandeventualfailure.在变形过程中,由于加载及卸载交替,使模具承受交变应力,从而导致裂纹萌生并最终模具失效。initiation初始,萌生eventual最后的-25-CHAPTER6LIFEANDFAILUREOFDIEDielifeanddiefailurearegrea
本文标题:材料成型及控制工程专业英语-6.LIFE-AND-FAILTURE-OF-DIE
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