英语语法-如何把直接引语转换为间接引语

1如何把直接引语转换为间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that．．．．引导，很多时候可省略that。例如：Shesaid,Iamveryhappytohelpyou.Shesaidshewasveryhappytohelpme.Shesaid,“IwillgotoGuangzhoutomorrow.”ShesaidthatshewouldgotoGuangzhouthenextday/thefollowingday.Shesaid,“IhavelivedinFoshanforseveralyears.”ShesaidthatshehadlivedinFoshanforseveralyears.Shesaid,“Iamreadingabooknow.”Shesaidthatshewasreadingabookatthattime/moment.Johnsaid,“IamleavingforParisonWednesday”JohnsaidthathewasleavingforParisonWednesday.2.直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether．．．．．．．或if．．（是否）引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如：Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedplayingfootball.HeaskedMary,“Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?”2Youwillcometomybirthdayparty.HeaskedMarywhether/ifshewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导，先把直接引语（去掉特殊疑问词后）变为陈述句语序，再放回特殊疑问词后进行相应的变化。例如：Mysisteraskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?”YoulikethefilmMysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.JohnaskedMary,“Whereshallwego?”JohnaskedMarywheretheyshouldgo.JohnaskedMary,“WhenshallweleaveforParis?”JohnaskedMarywhentheyshouldleaveforParis.1.Francoaskedme,“Isthefoodready?”Francoaskedmewhether/ifthefoodwasready.2.PhillipaskedLily,“Aretheyoungcoupledrinkingredorwhitewine?”theyoungcouplearedrinkingredorwhitewine.PhillipaskedLilywhether/iftheyoungcoupleweredrinkingredorwhitewine.3.Heasked,“Whoisworkingintherestaurant?”3Heaskedwhowasworkingintherestaurant.4.Lindaasked,“Whenwilltherestaurantbeready?”Therestaurantwillbeready.Lindaaskedwhentherestaurantwouldbeready.5.Sheaskedme,“Willyoudomeafavor?”Youwilldomeafavor.Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwoulddoherafavor.6.Johnsaid,“IthinkIwillhavetotakehisadvice.”Johnsaidthathethoughthewouldhavetotakehisadvice.7.SheaskedJack,“Whatproblemshaveyouhadthisevening?”youhavehadproblemsthisevening.SheaskedJackwhatproblemshehadhadthatevening.8.Susanasked,“CanItalktotheguests?”Icantalktotheguests.Susanaskedwhether/ifshecouldtalktotheguests.4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：A.ask/tellsbtodosth.B.ask/tellsbnottodosth.Thecaptainordered,Bequiet.Thecaptainorderedus/them/thesoldierstobequiet.HesaidtoSue,“Marryme.”4HeaskedSuetomarryhim.PetertoldJohn,“Getout!”PetertoldJohntogetout.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,Don'tlaugh.”Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.Hesaidtoher,“Don’tdanceinthetoiletbowl.”Heaskedhernottodanceinthetoiletbowl.5.一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theytoldtheirson,Theearthgoesroundthesun.Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.我爷爷告诉我，共产党(CommunistParty)的宗旨(gist)是为人民服务。MygrandfathertoldmethatthegistoftheCommunistPartyistoservethepeople.(2)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/thesethat/those,nowthen,todaythatday,yesterdaythedaybefore,lastyeartheyearbefore,agobefore,herethere等。例如：Mywifesaidtome,“Iwillbringmynewloverhomethisevening.”Mywifesaidtomethatshewouldbringhernewloverhomethatevening.Hesaid,Ihaven'tseenhertoday.Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.Heshoutedtome,“Fuck/Pissoff!”5Heaskedmeloudly/angrilytofuck/pissoff.HesaidtoIvy,“Pleasedon’tleaveme.”Heasked/toldIvynottoleavehim.HebeggedIvynottoleavehim.LindaaskedKathy,“Willyoubetheretomorrow?”Youwillbetheretomorrow.LindaaskedKathywhether/ifshewouldbetherethenext/followingday.KevinaskedCecilia,“DoyouknowhowmuchImissyou?”youknowhowmuchImissyou.KevinaskedCeciliawhether/ifsheknewhowmuchhemissedher.KevinaskedCecilia,“WhenwillIseeyouagain?”Iwillseeyouagain.KevinaskedCeciliawhenhewouldseeheragain.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,Wheredidyougo?Tomasked,Whatdoyouwant,Ann?