分词作状语

Module4Unit1分词作状语1.分词作状语实际把状语从句简化.简化的条件：其逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致.Whilehewasreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.----Readingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Becausehewasshy,hedidn’tcometotheparty.----Beingshy,hedidn’tcometotheparty.AsthebookiswritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.----WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.2.分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：*doing：用来表示主动,且前后动作同时进行.Returninghomelater,myfriendlearnedthatthepolicehadbeentotheflat.*havingdone:用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前.Havingseenthefilmbefore,Idecidednottoseeitagain.*beingdone:用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行.Beingquestionedbythepolice,hefeltfrightened.*done:用来表示被动且完成Destroyedinthestorm,thehousewillberebuilt.*havingbeendone:用来表示被动,而且强调动作持续一段时间或次数.Havingbeendefeatedthreetimes,hehadtogiveup.*否定形式：not/never+分词结构Notstudyinghard,hedidn’tpassthetest.Neverhavingtakenaplanebefore,hewasnervous.3.分词作状语如果前后主语一致可简化时间、条件、原因、结果和伴随等状语从句.(条件)Ifyouworkharder,youwilldobetterintheexamnexttime.----Workinghard,youwilldobetterintheexamnexttime.（时间）AfterIdidmyhomework,Iwentbackhome.----Havingdonemyhomework,Iwentbackhome.(伴随）Hehurriedtothestationandhopedtocatchthelasttrain.----Hehurriedtothestation,hopingtocatchthelasttrain..(原因)Becausemyfriendwasfrightenedoflosinghisjob,hesaidnothingtothepolice.----Frightenedoflosinghisjob,myfriendsaidnothingtothepolice.(结果)HisparentswerekilledintheSARSepidemicandlefthimanorphan.----HisparentswerekilledintheSARSepidemic,leavinghimanorphan.注意：分词不做目的状语,只有动词不定式可以.Togethighmarksinthemid-exam,hecheated.Tobelistedonthetopof500largestenterprisesintheworld,acompanyshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements.Nottoforgetthekeypoints,hewrotethemdown.4.注意过去分词作状语的用法:一般认为,无论在从句中的动词是被动语态还是过去分词作形容词,都直接用过去分词.Asheisbornandbroughtupinabigcity,heknowsnothingaboutfarming.--Bornandbroughtupinabigcity,heknowsnothingaboutfarming.Ashewasfilledwithconfidence,heleftagoodimpressionontheinterviewers.--Filledwithconfidence,heleftagoodimpressionon…Heiswalkingalongthestreetandasorry-lookingdogisfollowinghim.---Heiswalkingalongthestreet,followedbyasorry-lookingdog.Ifweseetheearthfromthemoon,itlookslikeawaterball.----Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeawaterball.5.为了便于理解,有些连词可仍然放在分词短语的前面.1.Whilegoingtoschool,Imetmyformerclassmate.2.Onceseen,itwon’tbeforgotten.3.Thoughtired,heisstillinhighspirits.4.Ifheated,themetalexpands.6.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.7.Hestoodthereasifrememberingsomething.8.Iwon’tgothereunlessinvited.9.Iwon’tspeaktoMissZhanguntilspokentofirst.10.WhenaskedifIhadknockedthepottotheground,Idenied.6.独立主格结构：有时状语从句与主句之间的主语不一致,而且也无法调整,那么除了用状语从句之外,也可用独立主格结构,即保留从句的主语,省略连词,用分词作非谓语.Afterthejobwasdone,theywentbackhome.--Thejobdone,theywentbackhome.Astherewasnothingtodo,wesattheretalking.--Therebeingnothingtodo,wesattheretalking.Iftimepermits,wewillvisitanotherplace.--Timepermitting,wewillvisitanotherplace.Astheproblemwassettled,themeetingwasover.--Theproblemsettled,themeetingwasover.部分倒装1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。比如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.2）否定词开头作部分倒装如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than等，要倒装。例如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.3）so,neither,nor作部分倒装用这些词表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。例如：TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.4）only+副词/介词/状语从句位于句首，要部分倒装Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.5）as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）。但需注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。2）句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。6)其他部分倒装1））so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。例如：Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2））在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：Mayyouallbehappy.愿你们都快乐。3））在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.我是你的话，就再试一次。Notuntil的倒装句和强调句1.当Notuntil位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Notuntil+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+.如:①Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话.②Notuntilnextweekwillthesportsmeetbeheld.直到下周才开运动会.2.notuntil的强调结构为:Itis/wasnotuntil+从句/表时间的词+that+.上面两句改为强调句为:③Itwasnotuntiltheteachercameinthatthestudentsstoppedtalking.④Itisnotuntilnextweekthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld.