年产10万吨甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸精制工段工艺设计

年产10万吨甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸精制工段工艺设计学院：专业：姓名：指导老师：化学工程与工艺学号：职称：二○一四年五月XXXX大学2014届本科生毕业设计诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺：本人承诺呈交的毕业设计《年产10万吨甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸精制工段工艺设计》是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，设计使用的数据真实可靠。本人签名：日期：年月日XXXX大学2014届本科生毕业设计I年产10万吨甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸精制工段工艺设计摘要醋酸是一种重要的基本有机化工原料产品，在各行各业中有广泛的应用。本设计介绍了醋酸的一些物理性质、化学性质，用途，现状和发展状况并且对比了各种合成方法，还对工艺流程进行了简述。本设计采用甲醇为原料，铑为催化剂，低压羰基化流程工艺。本工艺简单，原料来源广泛，污染少，安全可靠，转化率和选择率高，产品质量高。本工艺的设计重点是合成工序和精馏工序的物料衡算、热量衡算、主要设备计算和选型。同时绘制了工艺流程图和主要设备装置图。并且对于工艺进行车间布置和三废处理。关键词:甲醇低压羰基化物料衡算热量衡算XXXX大学2014届本科生毕业设计IIWithanannualoutputof100000tonsoflow-pressuremethanolcarbonylationaceticacidrefiningprocessdesignAbstractAceticacidisanimportantbasicorganicchemicalrawmaterialproducts,havebeenwidelyappliedinallwalksoflife.Thisdesignintroducessomephysicalproperties,chemicalproperties,applicationstatusanddevelopmentofaceticacid,andcomparisonofvarioussyntheticmethods,butalsoontheprocessaredescribed.Thisdesignusesmethanolasrawmaterials,rhodiumcatalyst,low-pressurecarbonylationprocess.Thissimpleprocess,widematerialsource,lesspollution,safeandreliable,highconversionandselectivity,highproductquality.Thedesignkeyofthisprocessisamaterialbalancesynthesisprocessanddistillationprocesscalculation,heatbalancecalculation,calculationandselectionofmainequipment.Atthesametime,renderingtheprocessflowdiagramandmainequipmentinstallationdiagram.Andworkshoplayoutandwastetreatmentforprocess.Keywords:Methanol；Low-pressurecarbonylation；materialbalance；heatbalanceXXXX大学2014届本科生毕业设计III目录1前言............................................................................................................................................................11.1世界醋酸生产概况...........................................................................................................................11.2国内生产状况...................................................................................................................................21.3醋酸的用途......................................................................................................................................21.4醋酸的物理性质...............................................................................................................................21.5醋酸的化学性质...............................................................................................................................21.5.1与不饱和烃的酯化反应........................................................................................................31.5.2醇醛缩合反应........................................................................................................................31.5.3与金属氧化物或碳酸盐反应................................................................................................31.5.4分解反应................................................................................................................................41.5.5酸碱性....................................................................................................................................41.6醋酸合成方法...................................................................................................................................41.6.1轻烃液相氧化法....................................................................................................................41.6.2乙醛氧化法............................................................................................................................51.6.3乙烯直接氧化法....................................................................................................................51.6.4甲醇羰基化合成法（MC）.................................................................................................51.6.5乙烷选择性催化氧化............................................................................................................61.6.6甲醇羰基化制备醋酸............................................................................................................62物料衡算...................................................................................................................................................102.1合成塔的计算.................................................................................................................................102.1.1合成塔的物料衡算..............................................................................................................102.2轻组分塔的物料衡算......................................................................................................................112.3脱水塔的物料衡算.........................................................................................................................122.4重组分塔的物料衡算.....................................................................................................................133塔设备的计算...........................................................................................................................................153.1脱水塔（常压精馏塔）的计算.....................................................................................................153.1.1进料组成...........................................