6西方大学学术管理制度生成条件解析

:2007-10-17:,,,.张丽(华中师范大学教育学院博士后流动站,湖北武汉430079):,:,,,,,,:;;;:G647:A:1001-4519(2007)06-0052-08,,,,,,,(),,,:!!!,,,,:,,286Vol28,No.6200712TSINGHUAJOURNALOFEDUCATIONDec.2007():,,,,,1.,,,,,,,,,,!!!,,,,,,∀2.:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,#,3.:,,,∃(//),,,,Professor,,Lecturers,Readers;,RegiusProfessor,,1540(),1546%,(),,,∃53∃∀#%JohnS.Brubacher,AHistoryOfTheProblemsOfEducation(McgrawHillBookCompany,1947),433.JohnS.Brubacher,AHistoryOfTheProblemsOfEducation(McgrawHillBookCompany,1947),437.∃.:[M]..:,2005.182.()19,,,,,,17941818,,20(),,18491.,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,∀,,,,,,,,!!!,,,!!!,,2.,,,,,,:19,,#,,,,,;,,,,∃54∃(20076)∀#Ben-DavidJoseph,CentersofLearning:Britain,France,Germany,UnitedStates(UnitedStates:Mcgraw-HillBookCompany,1977),19.BurtonR.Clark,StructuresofPost-SecondaryEducation,inInternationalEncyclopediaOfHigherEducation(SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass,1977),3968-3979.3971.,(),,,,,()1.,,;,,,,:,,,,∀(),,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,:,,,,,,,,2.,,,,,,,:(),,,,,,,∃55∃∀..!!![M]..:,1989.7-8.,,,,():∃,,;,,&&∀,:,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,!!!;,,,,,,,,,,,,():,,,;,,,,,,,,#,,,∃56∃(20076)∀#BurtonR.Clark,TheAcademicLife:SmallWorlds,DifferentWorlds(NewJersey:ThePrincetonUniversityPress,1987),Introduction.Pxxiv.,.20[M].:,2002.85.,(),,,,∀,,,,,,,,,,,():1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.:,,,,,,,,,,;,;,,,,2050∋:(,,,∃57∃∀,.20[M].:,2002.74.,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,():,,∀,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,∃58∃(20076)∀BurtonR.Clark,TheAcademicLife:SmallWorlds,DifferentWorlds(NewJersey:ThePrincetonUniversityPress,1987),Introduction.xxiv.,∃,;,,∀,,,,:,,;;,;,DevelopmentConditionsofAcademicManagementSysteminWesternUniversitiesZHANGLi(PostdocStation,CollegeofEducation,HuazhongNormalUniversity,Wuhan430079,Hubei)Abstract:Basedonthethemeofacademicprofessionalismanditsdistinctivefunctionofculturalandtechnologicalintegration,thisarticlestudiesfourtypesofacademicmanagementsystemfromtheperspectiveofnaturaldevelopmentofselforganisedinstitutioninwesternsociety:guildautonomy,autonomyoflaw,confederation,andincorporation.Bycomparingthepowerstructureofthesesystems,thestudyidentifiesfouressentialsforthedevelopmentofacademicmanagementsystem:academiccareerasselfregulation,conservatismforadjustment,gamingforpreferencepolicyformotivation,andacademicprofessionalismforintegration.Furthermore,thestudyexploresthebasicconditionstoorganise,expandandenrichacademicmanagementsystemwiththepurposetopromotereforminacademicmanagementinChinesehighereducation.Keywords:academicmanagementsystem;academiccareer;academicprofessionalism;conservatism∃59∃∀BurtonR.Clark,SmallWorlds,DifferentWorlds:TheUniquenessesandTroublesofAmericanAcademicProfessions,TheAmericanAcademicProfessionDaedalusFall(1997):21-41.40.