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冠词一.冠词离开名词没有任何意义,因此在学习冠词前,首先了解名词的分类:个体名词:人或物共有的名称,eg.Dog,chair可数名词集体名词:集体的名称,eg.class,family名词物质名词:物质的名称,eg.paper,water不可数名词抽象名词:抽象物的名称,eghappiness专有名词:人或物的特有名称,eg.Tom,China泛指单一、每一、任一事物a(an)类指上文提到过的人或事物单数名词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世界上独一无二的事物the专指类指上文提到过的人或事物特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物the说话双方所默认的人或事物复数名词和不可数名词专指泛指人或事物零冠词类指1)不定冠词a,ana)a和an用在单数名词前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个b)a用在辅音音素之前,an用在元音音素之前。anotebook,anoldman,anEnglishclass,ausefulbook,auniversity,anhour,anhonestperson用法1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如:Lily'sfatherisaminer.莉莉的父亲是矿工。Givemeaballpen,please.请给我一支圆珠笔。2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如:Asteelworkermakessteel.钢铁工人炼钢。Atrianglehasthreeangles.三角形有三个角。3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。HecomesfromafirminBeijing.Ayoungmanwantstoseeyou.Acarstoppedinfrontofthegate.4)不定冠词可指事物的单位,如每日、每斤等。Butteris4yuanakilo.黄油四元钱一公斤。Hedrovethecarat18milesanhour.Thedoctortoldhimtotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2)定冠词the单名或复名,可数名词或不可数名词前都可用the用法:1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物。ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.CairoisthecapitalofEgypt.。Weplantocutthewheatinthesefieldsinthreedays'time.2)指说话人与听话人彼此熟悉的人或物。Openthedoor,please.TheManagerisinhisoffice.Let'smeetattherailwaystation.3)重复上文提过的人或物LastweekIreadastoryandaplay.ThestoryisabouttheSecondWorldWarandtheplayaboutthelifeofuniversitystudents.4)表示在世界上独一无二的事物thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theworld5)the用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物。ThefavouritefastfoodintheUnitedStatesisthehamburger.ThecompasswasinventedinancientChina.Therose乐器的名称前也常用theplaythepiano,playtheviolin马是有用的动物有下面三种说法:Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.6)阶级、党派的名词前须用thetheChineseCommunistParty中国共产党,theworkingclass工人阶级,thebourgeoisie资产阶级,theLabourParty(英国)工党7)the+形容词,表示一类人或物。thepoor穷人,therich富人,thewounded伤员,thesick病号8)在序数词、形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前,常用theShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Thesunrisesintheeast.日出东方。9)习惯用法inthemorning/afternoon/eveningtogotothetheatre(cinema)专有名词前冠词的用法专有名词前一般不用冠词,Shanghai,Britain,RossSmith但在下列几种场合中,却常要用定冠词。1)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前。theYellowRiver黄河,theBaltic(Sea)波罗的海,thePacific(Ocean)太平洋,theAtlanticOcean大西洋,theXishaislands西沙群岛,theTianshanMountains天山,theHimalayas喜马拉雅山。2)在含有普通名词的专有名词前。如:a)某些国名前:thePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国,theUnitedStatesofAmerica美国(有些国名并不含有普通名词,但也用定冠词,如:thePhilippines菲律宾,theSudan苏丹。)b)某些机关团体等组织名称前:theNationalPeople'sCongress全国人民代表大会theStateCouncil国务院,theUnitedNations联合国c)朝代、时代的名称前:theTangdynasty唐朝,theWarringStatesperiod战国时代。3)在某些建筑物的名称前。theNationalArtGallery国家美术馆,theGreatWall长城,thePekingZoo北京动物园,theBritishMuseum大英博物馆。4)在报纸、杂志、旅馆等名称前。thePeople'sDaily《人民日报》,theReader'sDigest读者文摘,theBeingHotel北京饭店。5)在姓名复数形式前,指一家人。TheLiushavemovedtoTianjin.TheGreenscametoChinaforavisitlastyear.抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法1)抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时,前面通常不用冠词,但特指时,则须用定冠词。试比较:Waristhecontinuationofpolitics.战争是政治的继续。theAnti-JapaneseWar抗日战争。Heisfondofmusic.他喜欢音乐。Didyoulikethemusicofthefilm?你喜欢这个影片的音乐吗?Chinaisrichinoil.中国石油丰富。TheoilproducedinDagangisoffirst-ratequality.大港油田生产的石油质量是头等的。2)抽象名词和物质名词如果具体化,表示一个具体情况或动作或某一类物质时,前面可用不定冠词。ItisagreatjoytoliveinNewChina.生活在新中国真幸福。LiuHulanhasanardentloveforthepeopleandadeephatredfortheenemy.刘胡兰热爱人民,痛恨敌人。Mao-taiisafamousChineseliquor.茅台是一种中国的名酒。Shebuiltafire.她生了个火。-Haveasmoke?--No,thanks.IgaveUpsmokinglongago.不用冠词的场合1)专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前,一般不用冠词。Canada加拿大,Japanese日语,love爱,hatred恨,glass玻璃,water2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时,不用冠词。Thatismycap.Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.3)季节、月份、星期几等名称前,一般不用冠词。Springhascome.Winteristhebesttimeforskating.HerlittledaughterwasbornonMondayinApril1987.4)复数名词表示某一类人或事物时,不用冠词。Idon'tapproveofcousinsmarrying.Booksaremybestfriends.。5)称呼语前面不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词的前常不用冠词Whatdoesthiswordmean,Father?Mrs.Johnsonisdirectoroftheoffice.6)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。byair乘飞机,atnight夜间,infact事实上,indanger在危险中,afterschool放学后,athome在家中,intown在城里,togotoschool上学去,togotobed去睡觉,togotoclass去上课,fromdoortodoor挨门挨户,frommorningtillnight从早到晚。7)三餐饭的名称前,常不用冠词。Haveyouhadbreakfast?Afterlunchweusuallyhaveanap.Whatdidyouhaveforsupper?[注]但指一特定的餐食时则须用定冠词,如Comeon,orthedinnerwillbegettingcold.8)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如:Myyoungerbrotherlikestoplaytabletennis.Let'sgoandwatchthemplaychess.9)节日、假日等名称之前不用冠词。NewYear'sDay元旦NationalDay国庆节MayDay五一劳动节Children'sDay儿童节ChristmasDay圣诞节10)有无冠词的区别gotoschool去上学gototheschool到学校去(不一定是去上学)gotobed就寝,上床睡觉gotothebed向床边走去(不一定是去睡觉)byday在白天bytheday按天计算takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替sitattable坐在桌子旁吃饭sitatthetable坐在桌子旁边(不一定是吃饭)冠词强化练习题1.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhave______bed.A.thebreakfastinB.thebreakfastintheC.breakfastinD.breakfastinthe2.Beyond______starstheastronautsawnothingbut______space.A.the,不填B.不填,theC.不填,不填D.the,the3.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented________telephonein1876.A.不填B.aC.theD.one4.Afterwatching____TV,sheplayed_____violinforanhour.A.不填,不填B.the,theC.the,不填D.不填,the5.Manypeoplearestillin____habitofwritingsillythingsin____publicplaces.A.the,theB.不填,不填C.the,不填D.不填,the6.Papermoneywasin____useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin____thirteenthcentury.A.the,不填B.the,theC.不填,theD.不填,不填7.Haveyouseen______pen?Ileftitherethismorning. Isit____blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewh
本文标题:高中英语冠词详解及练习
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