2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解-推理判断类-解题技巧及典例剖析

2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推理判断类解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat________.2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物）wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesn'tdirectlystatethat_________.5.Thewritersuggeststhat_________.6.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_________.7.Theauthorusestheexampleof...toshowthat_________.8.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoward...?【解题流程】要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。第一步依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案。第二步比对原文和选项进行推理甄选要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿腹断。有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案。【推理须知】1.直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。2.推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观意断都是错误的。1.隐含推断题——“逻辑关联”得结论1.锁定题干中infer,conclude,suggest,imply,indicate,assume等词眼，明确答题方向隐含推断题典例（2016·全国Ⅱ，D片段）Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatin-formationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控）indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.The'ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,saysJo-nahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.Q:WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They'resociallyinactive.B.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.【解题思路】2.浏览四个选项，首先排除与原文信息一样的选项3.立足原文，结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词1.Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.2.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.3.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.第二步根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项C答案：inconsiderateofothers/thoughtlessofothers2.文章出处题——“专用词汇”做判断典例（2014·安徽，A)PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy!Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?原则：从文章的内容或结构判断其出处方法：对号入座报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称广告：格式特殊，容易辨认产品说明：常含有产品名称或操作方式、使用方法等网页：常含有网页的典型用语。如：click文章出处题Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdon'tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandperson-alrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround,puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures(特点）:weighsonly500gramsincludeslong-lastingbatteriescomeswitha5-yearguaranteerememberssimpleinstructionsOriginally(最初）soldfor$499NOWONLY$299WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.givesyouadailyweatherforecast.remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear.Besides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q:Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.Onanoticeboard.B.Inacompanybrochure.C.Onateenagewebsite.D.Inacollegenewspaper.【解题思路】第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇1.BUYNOWBUYNOW2.forfurtherinformation,clickhere.第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断答案，C3.观点态度类——“言为心声”求衰贬典例1(2016·四川，C片段）ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,says观点态度选项常用词汇关键词用法中立类：subjective/objectiveuncaringneutral/indifferent/unclear支持肯定类：positive/approval/optimistic/hopeful反对否定类：negative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical全面理解文章的内容和中心抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词Gin.I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.Q:WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.【解题思路】第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词1haveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesePeople.2Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.3ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.第二步结合文章主题，进行合理推断答案：D典例2(2017·全国Ⅱ，C片段）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000de-posittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyrisea