自考综合英语二上册课文翻译与详解

综合英语(二)上册课文翻译及详解LessonOneTwelveThingslWishTheyTaughtatSchoolCarlSaganLearningGuide俗话说：“活到老，学到老。”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。青少年阶段，尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。中学教育的重点应放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地球同胞。1Iattendedjuniorandseniorhighschool,publicinstitutionsinNewYorkandNewJersey,justaftertheSecondWorldWar.Itseemsalongtimeago.①ThefacilitiesandtheskillsoftheteacherswereprobablywellaboveaveragefortheUnitedStatesatthattime.Sincethen,I'velearnedagreatdeal.OneofthemostimportantthingsI'velearnedishowmuchthereistolearn,②andhowmuchIdon'tyetknow.③SometimesIthinkhowgratefulIwouldbetodayifIhadlearnedmorebackthenaboutwhatreallymatters.Insomerespectsthateducationwasterriblynarrow;theonlythingIeverheardinschoolaboutNapoleonwasthattheUnitedStatesmadetheLouisianaPurchasefromhim.④(Onaplanetwheresome95%oftheinhabitantsarenotAmericans,theonlyhistorythatwasthoughtworthteachingwasAmericanhistory.)Inspelling,grammar,thefundamentalsofmath,andothervitalsubjects,myteachersdidaprettygoodjob.Butthere'ssomuchelseIwishthey'dtaughtus.①ThefacilitiesandskillsoftheteacherswereprobablywellaboveaveragefortheUnitedStatesatthattime.学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般的水平。above/average：高于或低于一般的标准水平。well：adv相当地，大大地Thefacilitiesandskillsoftheteacherswereperhapsmuchbetterthanthoseinmostschoolsin….②…..howmuchIdon'tyetknow.我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多了。howmuchIdon'tknowuptillnow.③SometimesIthinkhowgratefulIwouldbetodayifIhadlearnedmorebackthenaboutwhatreallymatters.有时候，我想那时要是能多学点真正的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。IwouldbegratefultodayifIhadlearnedmoreathighschoolaboutthingsthatarereallyimportant.④Onaplanetwheresome95%oftheinhabitantsarenotAmericans,theonlyhistorythatwasthoughtworthteachingwasAmericanhistory.在一个约95%的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授（这里作者委婉地批评了美国教育部门的狭隘与偏见）wheresome95%oftheinhabitantsarenotAmericans：是定语从句，修饰aplanetthatwasthoughtworthteaching：也是定语从句，修饰theonlyhistoryThepopulationoftheUSaccountsforonlyabout5%ofthatoftheworld.ButinmyhighschooldaysschooltaughtAmericanhistoryonlybecauseitwasthoughtthatthehistoryofothercountrieswasnotimportantforAmericanstolearn.2①Perhapsallthedeficiencieshavesincebeenrectified.Itseemstometherearemanythings(②oftenmoreamatterofattitudeandperceptionthanthesimplememorizationoffacts)thattheschoolsshouldteach—thingsthattrulywouldbeusefulinlaterlife,usefulinmakingastrongercountryandabetterworld,butusefulalsoinmakingpeoplehappier.Humanbeingsenjoylearning.③That'soneofthefewthingsthatwedobetterthantheotherspeciesonourplanet.④EverystudentshouldregularlyexperiencetheAha!—whensomethingyouneverunderstood,orsomethingyouneverknewwasamystery,becomesclear.3Sohere'smylist:①Perhapsallthedeficiencieshavesincebeenrectified.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。deficiencies：缺乏，缺少，不足PerhapsschoolshaveovercomealltheshortcomingsandimprovedgreatlysinceIleftschool.②...oftenmoreamatterofattitudeandperceptionthanthesimplememorizationoffacts...（该教的）主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题。matter：（讨论、考虑等问题）more+名词+than+名词：与其说……不如说是……Studentsshouldnotmerelybetaughtfactstomemorize,buttheyshouldalsobetaughttocultivatetheirabilitytojudgewhatishappeningaroundthemandtaketherightattitudetowardsthis.③That'soneofthefewthingsthatwedobetterthantheotherspeciesonourplanet.这是我们人类比这个地球上其他物种做得好得多的为数有限的几件事中的一件。Inmostthingsman'sfellowcreaturesoneartharebetter,butinlearningmandoesbetter.④EverystudentshouldregularlyexperiencetheAha!----whensomethingyouneverunderstood,orthingyouneverknewwasamystery,becomesclear.每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出：“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。Studentsshouldbeconstantlylearningnewthingssothattheycanexperiencethejoyoflearningandofdiscoveringthingstheydidn'tknoworunderstandbefore.Pickadifficultthingandlearnitwell.4TheGreekphilosopherSocratessaidthiswasoneofthegreatestofhumanjoys,anditis.Whileyoulearnalittlebitaboutmanysubjects,makesureyoulearnagreatdealaboutoneortwo.Ithardlymatterswhatthesubjectis,aslongasitdeeplyinterestsyou,andyouplaceitinitsbroaderhumancontext.Afteryouteachyourselfonesubject,youbecomemuchmoreconfidentaboutyourabilitytoteachyourselfanother.Yougraduallyfindyou'veacquiredakeyskill.Theworldischangingsorapidlythatyoumustcontinuetoteachyourselfthroughoutyourlife.①Butdon'tgettrappedbythefirstsubjectthatinterestsyou,orthefirstthingyoufindyourselfgoodat.②Theworldisfullofwonders,andsomeofthemwedon'tdiscoveruntilwe'reallgrownup.Mostofthem,sadly,weneverdiscover.①Butdon'tgettrappedbythefirstsubjectthatinterestyou,orthefirstthingyoufindyourselfgoodat.Butyoushouldn'tlimityourstudytoanythingthatattractsyouimmediatelyoranythingyoufirstfindyourselfgoodat②Theworldisfullofwonder,andsomeofthemwedon'tdiscoveruntilweareallgrownup.Mostofthemsadly,weneverdiscover.这个世界充满奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后就会发现；很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。为了强调，宾语someofthem及Mostofthem都挪到了主语和动词的前面。Theworldisfullofwonderfulthings,andevenadultscanonlyfindoutsomeofthem.Don'tbeafraidtoaskstupidquestions.5Manyapparentlynaiveinquirieslikewhygrassisgreen,orwhytheSunisround,orwhyweneed55,000nuclearweaponsintheworld—arereallydeepquestions.①Theanswerscanbeagatewaytorealinsights.It's