超声波流量计系统的设计

超声波流量计系统的设计樊伟佳（陕西理工学院电信工程系电子信息工程专业,2012级1班，陕西汉中723004）指导教师：秦伟[摘要]超声波流量计是利用超声波在流体中的传播特性来测量流量的计量仪表，并且以其非接触式的测量、高精度等特点在工业生产、医药、水资源等领域有着广泛的应用。本设计利用时差法超声波流量计原理，针对超声波流量计测量精度容易受温度影响的问题，利用改进型算法避免温度对测量精度的影响。设计系统时选择了一些基本电路设计了以下电路：超声波发射电路，超声波接收电路，LED显示电路，主从单片机电路，电源电路以及存储电路等，成功实现了瞬时流量的测量与辅助功能的实现，总的来说，本次设计的超声波流量计具有精度高、测量范围大、安装方便、测试操作简单等特点。另外，本次设计的超声波流量计适用于管道和明渠流量测量,适合测量的流体：水或其它杂质较少的液体,管径或明渠宽度：0.3～20m,流速：0.1～12m/s。[关键词]超声波流量计；单片机；时差法；TheDesignofUltrasonicFlowMeterSystemFanWeijia(Grade04,Class1,Majorelectronicsandinformationengineering，ElectronicsandinformationengineeringDept.，ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology，Hanzhong723000，Shaanxi)Tutor:QinWei[Abstract]:Ultrasonicflowmeteristheuseofultrasonicwavepropagationcharacteristicsinthefluidtomeasuretheflowratemeasuringinstruments,anditsnon-contactmeasurement,highaccuracyandothercharacteristicsinindustrialproduction,medicine,waterandotherfieldshaveawiderangeofapplications.Thisdesignusestheprincipleoftransit-timeultrasonicflowmeter,ultrasonicflowmeterformeasurementaccuracyeasilyaffectedbytemperatureproblemsusingtheimprovedalgorithmtoavoidtheeffectoftemperatureonthemeasurementaccuracy.Designsystemselectedsomebasiccircuitdesignofthefollowingcircuits:ultrasonictransmittercircuitultrasonicreceivercircuit,LEDdisplaycircuit,master-slavemicrocontrollercircuit,powercircuitandamemorycircuit,successfullyrealizeditsmeasurementandaccessibilityofinstantaneousflow,Overall,thisdesignultrasonicflowmeterhashighaccuracy,widemeasuringrange,easyinstallation,simpletestoperation.Inaddition,thisultrasonicflowmeterdesignsuitableforpipesandopenchannelflowmeasurement,suitableformeasuringfluid:waterorotherimpurities,lessliquid,openchanneldiameterorwidth:0.3~20m,flowrate:0.1~12m/s.[Keywords]:Ultrasonicflowmeter;singlechipmicrocomputer;timedifferencemethod;最新范本,供参考！目录1引言.......................................................41.1选题的目的及研究意义.......................................41.2国内外研究现状.............................................41.3论文研究的主要内容.........................................52设计方案及工作原理.........................................72.1方案一.....................................................72.1.1多普勒超声波流量计..................................................................................72.2方案二.....................................................82.1.2传统时差法.................................................................................................82.1.3改进时差法的原理和优点.........................................................................92.3方案确定...................................................93时差法超声波流量计的总体设计..............................103.1超声波换能器的结构及原理..................................103.2超声波换能器安装方式简介..................................103.3时差法超声波流量计测量原理及影响测量的主要因素.............114时差法超声波流量计的硬件电路设计...........................144.1整体硬件系统设计框图......................................144.2超声波发射电路设计........................................144.3超声波接收电路设计........................................154.4超声波顺逆流发射和接收控制电路设计........................174.5计数电路的设计............................................174.6LCD12864显示电路设计.....................................184.7参数输入电路设计..........................................194.8主从单片机之间的电路设计..................................204.8.1单片机的选择...........................................................................................20最新范本,供参考！4.9电源电路..................................................214.10存储电路.................................................225系统软件设计..............................................245.1主单片机软件设计..........................................245.2从单片机程序设计..........................................245.3主从单片机之间总体设计....................................255.4INT0中断服务子程序设计...................................265.5键盘子程序................................................265.5.1键盘扫描主程序流程图............................................................................265.5.2按键预处理子程序流程图：....................................................................275.5.3键值处理子程序流程图...........................................................................285.6超声波换能器收发射电路控制子程序设计......................296系统误差分析..............................................316.1数据结果..................................................316.2误差产生因素..............................................316.2.1管径...........................................................................................................316.2.2声束进入流体介质的折射角...................................................................316.2.3传播延时...................................................................................................316.2.4流体的纯净度...........................................................................................326.2.5系统硬件的性能.......................................................................................327系统软件的仿真和调试......................................33致谢........................................................34参考文献....................................................35附件一：电路图..............................................36附件二：主单片机程序.