过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语

过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语过去分词具有形容词特性，在句中可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语。一、过去分词做定语1.表示情绪的过去分词作定语：Theworriedlookdeepeneduponherface.她脸上的愁容加重了。Martin’sconfusedsorrowsturnedtooptimism.马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。Shecouldhearhisagitatedvoice.她可以听到他激动的声音。2.其他过去分词作定语。printedmatter印刷品awrittenreport书面报告guidedmissile导弹armedforces武装力量smokefish熏鱼cannedfood罐头食品requiredcourses必修课classifieddocument机密文件animatedcartoons动画片furnishedrooms有家具的房间3.由过去分词构成的合成形容词作定语：air-conditionedrooms有空调的房间hand-madegoods手工操作泵awell-dressedwoman穿着讲究的女子acautiously-wordedstatement措辞谨慎的声明4.及物动词的过去分词作定语一般表示被动和完成，而不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意思：therisensun初升的太阳vanishedjewels消失了的珠宝returnedstudents归国留学生fallenleaves落叶adatedmap过时的地图注：有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变化而来的形容词：skilledworkers熟练工人salariedclass工薪阶层有些合成形容词也是由“名词+ed”构成：good-natured天性善良的one-sided片面的absent-minded心不在焉的muddle-headed糊里糊涂的5.过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰名词之前，过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词之后面，作用接近于一个定语从句：What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?那个国家讲的是什么语言？Thisissomethingunheardofinhistory.这是史无前例的事。Theplayputonbytheteacherswasabigsuccess.老师们表演的戏很成功。6.有时单个过去分词也放在所修饰的名词之后：Theydidn’tallowustomakethealterationssuggested.他们不允许我们作提出的修改。Thedesignersdecidedtochangethematerialsused.设计者决定改变所用的材料。Themanconcernedwasherhusband.有关的人是她的丈夫。Howmuchtimeisthereleft?还剩下多少时间？7.作定语的过去分词常指已经完成的动作，若要表示现在正在进行的动作，要用现在分词的被动形式：Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。WhatdoyouthinkofthesummitmeetingbeingheldinVienna?你对正在维也纳召开的峰会有什么看法？Iknewnothingabouttheexperimentbeingconductedthere.我对在那里进行的试验一无所知。二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语的时候很多，其中有很多已变成形容词：Hewasamazedandenchantedatthesight.看到这情景他感到惊异着迷。Shewasannoyedatyoursayingthat.你这样讲她很不高兴。Weweresoboredthatwecouldn’thelpyawning.我们烦得要命禁不住打哈欠。Theywereverypleasedwiththegirl.他们很喜欢这姑娘。IamafraidI’mslightlydrunk.可能我有一点醉了。I’mobligedtoyouforallyou’vedoneforus.我很感激你为我们所做的一切。Thecoupleweredevotedtoeachother.这对夫妻十分恩爱。2.这种结构和被动语态是有差别的，“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作，比较下面句子：be+表语结构（表示状态）被动语态（表示动作）Theshopisclosednow.It’susuallyclosedat8o’clock.Thetownissurroundedbyhills.Soontheyweresurroundedbybandits.Theroomisdeserted.Shehasbeendesertedbyherhusband.三、过去分词作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语1.在某些动词后可用过去分词构成复合宾语：We’llgetherX-rayed.我们要给她透视。I’verecentlyhadmyappendixremoved.我最近把盲肠割了。HaveyoueverheardasongsunginJapanese?你听过用日语唱的歌吗？RarelyhadIseenhimsoworked-up.我很少见他这样激动过。Hewatchedthebedcarriedoutofthedoor.他看着床被搬出去。Weallwishedtheproblemsettled.我们都希望这问题得到解决。Shedidn’twantherdaughtertakenoutafterdark.她不希望天黑后女儿被带出门。Hefeltagreatweighttakenoffhismind.他感到心头如释重负。Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.（谚）少说多看。Thescentsmadeherdrunk.这些气味使她陶醉。Howwouldyoulikeyourhaircut?你喜欢把头发剪成什么式样？Hefoundthehousedeserted.他发现房子里空无一人。At4:30p.m.thechairmandeclaredthesessionclosed.下午四点半主席宣布闭会。Heacknowledgedhimselfdefeated.他承认自己被打败了。Wedoconsiderourselvesjustifiedindoingso.我们的确认为我们这样做是有道理的。2.介词with后有时也可以跟这类复合宾语：Hesatwithhisarmsclaspedroundhisknees.他双手抱膝坐着。Allafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整个下午他都锁着门在家工作。Thatyearendedwithnothingsettled.那一年什么事也没解决就结束了。【巩固练习】单项选择：1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Thecomputercenter,______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudents.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened3.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget__________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot__________frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed5.Mostoftheartists____________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited6.Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated7.TheOlympicGames，____________in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying8.—Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou？—I’dliketohavethispackage_______,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed9.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied10.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself______.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard11.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired12.Itiswisetohavesomemoney_______foroldage.A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup13.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents______.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry14.Thetrees______inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown15.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted【答案及解析】1.C该题句式结构较为复杂。首先，先行词theplan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句；在定语从句中，关系代词that替代theplan，又充当动词see的宾语，因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置；另外，theplan与carryout之间是动宾关系，故答案为C，构成seesth.done结构。2.D考查过去分词作定语。句中computercenter与open之间为被动关系。此外open作及物动词时意思为“打开，开张，开办，开设”，强调动作，不侧重状态，故不用形容词性的open。B、C为现在分词，不符合题意。3.C过去分词paid作系动词get的表语，类似的用法还有：getmarried，getbeaten，getexcited，getcaughtin等。4.A句意为：当我们走进人群中时，我和朋友们分开了。5.A句中的mostoftheartists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于whowereinvited。6.Bremain在此为系动词，seated相当于一个形容词，表示“坐好的”，作表语。7.C根据题意可知，theOlympicGames与play之间是被动关系，因此可以排除A和D，另外B表示将来的动作，也应排除，故答案为