剑桥雅思4Test1passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析

雅思为大家带来了剑桥雅思4Test1passage3阅读原文+题目+答案解析，更多真题解析，请点击：剑桥雅思4阅读解析。需要下载真题的请点击：7分目标的烤鸭，也许你可能还关注：2017高度可信担保方院校、雅思7分是什么水平、雅思评分标准剑桥雅思4Test1passage3阅读原文Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.VisualSymbolsandtheBlindPart1Fromanumberofrecentstudies,ithasbecomeclearthatblindpeoplecanappreciatetheuseofoutlinesandperspectivestodescribethearrangementofobjectsandothersurfacesinspace.Butpicturesaremorethanliteralrepresentations.Thisfactwasdrawntomyattentiondramaticallywhenablindwomaninoneofmyinvestigationsdecidedonherowninitiativetodrawawheelasitwasspinning.Toshowthismotion,shetracedacurveinsidethecircle(Fig.1).Iwastakenaback.Linesofmotion,suchastheonesheused,areaveryrecentinventioninthehistoryofillustration.Indeed,asartscholarDavidKunzlenotes,WilhelmBusch,atrend-settingnineteenth-centurycartoonist,usedvirtuallynomotionlinesinhispopularfiguresuntilabout1877.WhenIaskedseveralotherblindstudysubjectstodrawaspinningwheel,oneparticularlycleverrenditionappearedrepeatedly:severalsubjectsshowedthewheel’sspokesascurvedlines.Whenaskedaboutthesecurves,theyalldescribedthemasmetaphoricalwaysofsuggestingmotion.Majorityrulewouldarguethatthisdevicesomehowindicatedmotionverywell.Butwasitabetterindicatorthan,say,brokenorwavylines—oranyotherkindofline,forthatmatterTheanswerwasnotclear.SoIdecidedtotestwhethervariouslinesofmotionwereaptwaysofshowingmovementoriftheyweremerelyidiosyncraticmarks.Moreover,Iwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowtheblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofmotion.Tosearchouttheseanswers,Icreatedraised-linedrawingsoffivedifferentwheels,depictingspokeswithlinesthatcurved,bent,waved,dashedandextendedbeyondtheperimeterofthewheel.Ithenaskedeighteenblindvolunteerstofeelthewheelsandassignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel:wobbling,spinningfast,spinningsteadily,jerkingorbraking.MycontrolgroupconsistedofeighteensightedundergraduatesfromtheUniversityofToronto.Allbutoneoftheblindsubjectsassigneddistinctivemotionstoeachwheel.Mostguessedthatthecurvedspokesindicatedthatthewheelwasspinningsteadily;thewavyspokes,theythought,suggestedthatthewheelwaswobbling;andthebentspokesweretakenasasignthatthewheelwasjerking.Subjectsassumedthatspokesextendingbeyondthewheel’sperimetersignifiedthatthewheelhaditsbrakesonandthatdashedspokesindicatedthewheelwasspinningquickly.Inaddition,thefavoureddescriptionforthesightedwasthefavoureddescriptionfortheblindineveryinstance.Whatismore,theconsensusamongthesightedwasbarelyhigherthanthatamongtheblind.Becausemotiondevicesareunfamiliartotheblind,thetaskIgavetheminvolvedsomeproblemsolving.Evidently,however,theblindnotonlyfiguredoutmeaningsforeachlineofmotion,butasagrouptheygenerallycameupwiththesamemeaningatleastasfrequentlyasdidsightedsubjects.Part2WordsassociatedAgreementwithcircle/squareamongsubjects(%)SOFT-HARD100MOTHER-FATHER94HAPPY-SAD94GOOD-EVIL89LOVE-HATE89ALIVE-DEAD87BRIGHT-DARK87LIGHT-HEAVY85WARM-COLD81SUMMER-WINTER81WEAK-STRONG79FAST-SLOW79CAT-DOG74SPRING-FALL74QUIET-LOUD62WALKING-STANDING62ODD-EVEN57FAR-NEAR53PLANT-ANIMAL53DEEP-SHALLOW51Fig.2Subjectswereaskedwhichwordineachpairfitsbestwithacircleandwhichwithasquare.Thesepercentagesshowthelevelofconsensusamongsightedsubjects.Wehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofvisualmetaphorsaswell.Oneblindwomandrewapictureofachildinsideaheart—choosingthatsymbol,shesaid,toshowthatlovesurroundedthechild.WithChangHongLiu,adoctoralstudentfromChina,Ihavebegunexploringhowwellblindpeopleunderstandthesymbolismbehindshapessuchasheartsthatdonotdirectlyrepresenttheirmeaning.Wegavealistoftwentypairsofwordstosightedsubjectsandaskedthemtopickfromeachpairthetermthatbestrelatedtoacircleandthetermthatbestrelatedtoasquare.Forexample,weasked:WhatgoeswithsoftAcircleorasquareWhichshapegoeswithhardAlloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement:79%matchedfasttoslowandweaktostrong,respectively.Andonly51%linkeddeeptocircleandshallowtosquare.(SeeFig.2.)Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Oneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredextremelywell.Hemadeonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigning‘far’tosquareand‘near’tocircle.Infact,onlyasmallmajorityofsightedsubjects—53%—hadpairedfarandneartotheoppositepartners.Thus,weconcludedthattheblindinterpretabstractshapesassightedpeopledo.剑桥雅思4Test1passage3阅读题目Questions27-29Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.Writeyouranswersinboxes27-29onyouranswersheet.27Inthefirstparagraphthewritermakesthepointthatblindpeople.Amaybeinterestedinstudyingart.Bcandrawoutlinesofdifferentobjectsandsurfaces.Ccanrecogniseconventionssuchasperspective.Dcandrawaccurately.28ThewriterwassurprisedbecausetheblindwomanAdrewacircleonherowninitiative.Bdidnotunderstandwhatawheellookedlike.Cincludedasymbolrepresentingmovement.Dwasthefirstpersontouselinesofmotion.29FromtheexperimentdescribedinPart1,thewriterfoundthattheblindsubjectsAhadgoodunderstandingofsymbolsrepresenti