过去完成时

pastperfecttense构成：助动词had+动词的过去分词用法：1.过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。1.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe______________(see)youbefore.hadseen2.到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。Bysixo’clockthey______________(work)foreighthours.hadworked2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。Bysixo’clockthey____________(work)foreighthours.WhenIcametoGZ,he_____________(be)thereforalongtime.用法：1.到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。2.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。hadworkedhadbeen3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived1.到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。Byyesterdayeveninghe___________(write)thatletter.2.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe____________(see)youbefore.3.当我进来时，他已做完了作业。WhenIcameinhe________________(finish)hishomework.过去完成时与bythen(截止到那时);by9o’clock(直到九点钟)bytheendof…(在…结束/末之前);bythetime…(在…时之前);uptillthen(直到那时);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。hadwrittenhadseenhadfinished3.过去完成时和already,just,ever,yet等连用表示过去的过去。用法：例如：1.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already___________(win).hadwon2.她说她仍没去过长城。Shesaidthatshe_______________(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.hadn’tbeento用法：过去完成时与when,before,assoonas,till/until等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。例如：1.她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。Whenshegothomeherchildren____________(sleep).hadslept2.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm_________already___________(start).hadstartedLastnight,assoonasI_______________(finish)myworkIwenttosleep.3.我完成作业了就去睡觉了。hadfinished1.Afterhe______________(finish)hisworkhewentout.hadfinished2.Thechildrenranawayafterthey___________(break)thewindow.hadbroken3.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe__________(go)out.hadgone4.Annietoldmethathisfather____________(go)toParisandhe____________(come)backinafewdays.hadgonewouldcome5.Myfriend__________(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He________________(buy)itfortwoyears.boughthashad形容词：用于修饰名词或不定代词，描述被修饰成分的性质、特征、状态或属性等。在句子中可以作定语,表语,宾语补足语,主语或宾语.Eg.*Itseemsthathe’sakind-heartedguy.(作定语)*Animallifeisfascinating.(作表语)*Somethingawfulhappenedtoday.(作后置定语)*Let’smakeourmotherlandstrong.(作宾语补足语)(keep/leave/find/maken.+adj)(作宾语补足语)*形容词的类型:1.品质形容词(表示人或物的属性,品质,特征等)e.g.attractive,angry,soft,terrible,young,clever,powerful,expensive,common2.颜色形容词e.g.light/dark/deep/brightgreen(以上这两类词通常可以用于比较级,通常都可以作定语,表语)3.类属形容词(表示属于哪一类)e.g.cultural,monthly,foreign,native,male,magic,free,western,direct4.强调形容词(起强调作用)e.g.Itwaspurelucktowinthelottery(彩票).(以上这两类词通常不能用于比较级.通常不作表语,只作定语.)形容词的类型21.–ing形容词(由现在分词演变而来,多属于品质形容词)e.g.exciting,interesting,fascinating,pleasing,boring,encouraging,surprising,amusing,disappointing(这类词通常可用于形容词比较级)例外:由不及物动词变来的living,rising,只作定语,不可用比较级2.–ed形容词(由过去分词演变而来,具有被动意义)e.g.excited,interested,fascinated,pleased,depressed,bored,surprised,amused,disappointed,tired,worried(这类词通常可用于形容词比较级)注意:某些只能做表语的形容词pleased,tired,touched,lost,dressed,3.合成形容词.E.g.good-looking,kind-hearted,one-way,well-prepared,hard-working,time-wasting,twenty-year-old形容词的位置:1.多个形容词修饰名词时候的顺序.与被修饰名词关系越近的的形容词越靠近该名词.品质-颜色-类别alittlewhitewoodenhouse品质-大小/年岁-颜色-国家-分词(名词)abeautifulbigoldbrownFrenchhandmadecupboard2.形容词后置的情况.1)在something,anything,nothing,everything之后.2)与表示数量的词组连用时.e.g.5yearsold,11meterstall/long/far副词:主要用于修饰动词、形容词和其他副词或者全句，描述被修饰成分的特征或状态。在句中可作状语,表语,也可作定语,宾语补足语,也可构成成语动词.E.g.(作状语)ItsnowedheavilylastJanuary.(修饰动词,)IrecentlywenttoBerlinforameeting.(修饰动词)MissPerezspeaksFrenchfairlywell.(修饰形容词)He’sdrivingverycarefully.(修饰副词)Normallywedon’thaveclassesonSundays.(修饰整句)(作表语---多数与介词同型的副词可作表语)Heisoutforthemoment.Imustbeoffnow.Wewillbeabroadnextyear.(down,up,about,in,through,over,etc.)p.s.如何判断是介词还是副词?带宾语时候则为介词,否则为副词.副词:(作定语)e.g.Ihopeyouenjoyyourstayhere.(修饰名词)Theviewaroundisverybeautiful.(修饰名词)Isthereanythingontonight?(修饰名词)Imitatetheexampleabove,please.(修饰名词)(构成成语动词,即固定搭配的短语)e.g.putoff,puton,turnoff,makeup,giveup副词的类型及其功能:1.时间副词(表示发生时间,发生的频繁程度以及其他.)e.g.IwasworkingforCISthen./Iwillseeyoulater.(justnow/ago/before/sofar/nowetc.always,rarely,frequently,continually,etc.)2.地点副词(表示地点或者地区范围)e.g.everywhere,upstairs,nationally,outside3.方式副词(说明行为的方式,包括一些情绪的副词)e.g.quietly,badly,efficiently,sadly4.程度副词和强调副词(表示“到达某种程度”,表示强调)e.g.almost,quite,fairly,nearly,very5.疑问副词(引导特殊疑问句),连接副词(从句或者不定式)和关系副词(定语从句).e.g.how,where,when,why,which,how观察下列各句，辨别括号中单词的词类。1.Heisa(fast)worker.2.Heworksvery(fast.)3.That`sa(hard)mathproblem.4.Youhavetowork(hard)atyourlessons5.Ifeel(better)now.6.Heplaysfootball(better)thanI.7.Tomdraws(worse)thanhisbrother.8.Hewas(worse)thanhisbrother.9.Ofalltheboys,hereads(best.)10.Ofalltheboys,heisthe(best.)11.Thatplaneflew(high)thatday.12.Thatplaneis(high)intheskynow.13.A(straight)lineistheshortestbetween2points.14.Stand(straight).15.Healwaysspeaksina(low)voice.16.Heisacleverbusinessman.Healwaysbuys(low)andsellshigh.17.Attheendofthestreeet,thereisa(low)wall.18.Wedidn`tgo(far)becauseweknewthatfamousplacewastoo(far)away.19.Heisa(slow)boy.He`salways(slow)tomakeuphismind.Andheevenlikestotakea(slow)trainwhenhetravel.20.Pleasetellthedrivertogo(slower).21.The(last)timeIsawyouwasthelastSundayinJune.22.ShewasverywellwhenI(last)sawher.23.Thetrainwastenminutes(late).24.Hearrivedhome(late)lastnightandhegotuplatethismorning.25.Notmanypeoplewritewithth