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初中英语语法大全:冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。I不定冠词Weneedanappleandaknife.我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。1.a和an的区别不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountryu是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。anhour,anhonor,anislandh是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。anelephant,anumbrella,anegg2(1)不定冠词的用法①泛指—类人或物。eg.Thisisapencilcase.②指不具体的某个人或物。eg.ImetanoldmanOnmywayhome.③用在序数词前,相当于another.eg.There’sathirdboyneartheshop.④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.eg.Theyhavemusiclessonstwiceaweek.必背!givealessontakeabathhavearest教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息haveatalkhaveafeverhaveagoodtime听报告发烧过得愉快have(take)awalkhaveaheadachehaveanicetrip散步头疼旅途愉快alotof,alot,alittle,afew,aglassof,sucha/an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,tenYuanakilo(2)不定冠词的位置①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。eg,abike,anegg②当名词被such,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishmyhomework.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.Whatadangerousjobitis!Manyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。Eg.Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation.Howniceafilmthisis!④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。eg.Itisquiteagoodbook.Thatisratherausefultoo1.Thisisaveryinterestingstory.(1)定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。eg:Ihavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theboy’snameisMark.Thegirl’snameisPenny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。eg:ThegirlinareddresscomesfromAmerica.(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。eg:Myshoesareunderthebed.Pleaseopenthewindow.(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Eg:That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.Heistheonlypersonwhodidn'tpasstheexam.他是唯一一个没通过考试的人。(5)用在序数词前。egMondayistheseconddayofaweek.Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.(6)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。egThemoonmovesroundtheearth.(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。therich(富人),thepoor(穷人),thedeaf(聋人),theblind(盲人),thedead(死者),thewounded(伤员)(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。eg.TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome.(9)用在乐器前。(但中国民族乐器前不用冠词,playErhu拉二胡)eg.playthepiano/guitar/violin/drums.(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。eg.Inthe1970s,ahighwaywasbuilttolinkupthecitywithmyhometown.Ithinkheisinthethirties.(11)用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面。theYangziRiver长江theNorthChinaPlain华北平原theRockyMountains洛矶山脉theBlackSea黑海(12)用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面。theBeijingRailwayStation北京站thePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedNations联合国(13)含有定冠词the的词组。inthemorning(afternoon,evening)在上午(下午、晚上)ontheright在左边bytheway顺便说一下gotothecinema(theatre,concert…)去看电影(看戏、听音乐会……)inthefrontof在前部inthefrontof在中间at(in)thebeginning开始intheend终于inthedaytime白天ontheonehand,ontheotherhand一方面……;另一方面注意:表示某一类人或事物时,以下三种方法都可以。如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.(用定冠词)Ahorseisausefulanimal.(用不定冠词)Horsesareusefulanimals.(用复数)马是一种有用的动物III.不用冠词的情况:(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。eg.Lucyishersister.(3)名词前有whose,which,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。eg.WhichmanisMrGreen?Eachstudenthasabeautifulpicture.(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snowiswhite.(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Doesshelikemusic?(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.playbasketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠词。eg.havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,JanuaryNationalDay国庆节注意在民间节日,即以Festival组成的节日名称前要加the。如:theSpringfestival春节(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。(11)家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一人担任的职务的名词前不用冠词。注意此时要用大写MotherFatherisathome,butMotherisn't.此时要用大写Mother爸爸在家,妈妈不在家。We'llmakeyoumonitor.我们会让你当上班长的。Sir,mayyouanswermeaquestion?先生,您能回答我一个问题吗?MyfavoriteisEnglish.(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。eg.atnoon,atwork,athome,bybus,byair,onfoot,frommorningtillnight,atnight,gotoschool,gotobed,atlast4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。inhospital(在住院);inthehospital(在医院)inprison(在坐牢);intheprison(在监狱里)attable(吃饭,用餐);atthetable(在桌旁)infrontof(在某个范围之外的前面);inthefrontof(在某个范围之外的前面)gotocollege(上大学);gotothecollege(去那所大学)takeplace(发生);taketheplace(代替)IV、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。V冠词的易错点:1It'stimefordinner.Kingsareattable.A./,theB.the,theC.The,/D./,/答案:C.在姓氏复数前用the表示一家人,就餐用attable.2-Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?-Ioftenhavebreadandmilk.A./,/B./,theC.a,/D.the,the答案:A.物质名词前一般不用冠词。3Don'tgiveup,tryforsecondtwice.A.theB.aC./D.an答案:B.根据题意,请再试一次,序数词second前加a,表示another。4Wouldyougoforwalkwithmeaftersupper?A.the,/B.a,/C./,theD./,a答案:B.goforawalk为固定搭配,三餐前不加冠词。5Thereisn'twateroraironthemoon,andmancan'tliveonit.A.aB.theC.oneD./答案:D.当man表示人类时,前面不加冠词。6moreyoureadEnglish,betteryou'lllearn.A.The,theB./,/C.A,aD.The,a答案:A.定冠词the用于比较级中,表示越…,越…7TheGreens______upstairs.A.liveB.livesC.arelivesD.living此题是考查定冠词放在姓氏前面表示一家人,theGreens意为“格林一家人”,是复数,故选A。8Thereis_____hin_____wordhour.A.a;aB.an;theC.the;theD.an;an这道题主要考查学生对冠词的掌握情况。h虽然是辅音字母,但发/eitF/的音,是元音音素开头的,故其前用an。而wordhour是特指h所在的那个词,后面一空用the。所以选B。
本文标题:初中英语冠词复习大全
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