完成时(现在-过去-将来)

thePresentPerfectTense现在完成时现在完成时的构成：have/has+动词过去分词时间状语：already，yet，ever，never，just，before规则动词的过去分词：1）一般加+ed:worked,started2)“辅音+y”结尾的动词，y变成i后加ed:study-studied3)以“e”结尾的动词后加“d”:hope-hoped4)双写辅音字母：stopped动词过去分词形成方式：规则和不规则变化动词的过去式以及过去分词不规则动词的过去式与过去分词:AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABB:stand—stood—stoodABA:become—became—becomeABC:eat—ate—eaten现在完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语+has/have+过去分词（p.p.）+….Mysisterhasalreadywashedalltheclothes.否定式：主语+hasn’t+（p.p.）+….Mysisterhasn’talreadywashedalltheclothes.疑问式：Has/have+主语+p.p.+…?Hasyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes?肯定答语：Yes,主语+hasYes,shehas.否定答语：No，主语+hasn’tNo,shehasn’t.•Hehaslosthiskey.•Thekeyisn’tinhispocketsnow.用法1Theyareintheroomnow.Theyhavecomeintotheroom.pastnowYesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseenitbeforehavefinishedit.“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中。Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“从来不”用在否定句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成时中，放在句尾。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。Shebegantoworkin1999.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.用法2：nowpastIbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfourfiveyears.用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.haveworkedhavestayedsinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998;sinceshecametotheschool)for+一段时间since+点时间一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince1.They’veknowneachothersince_______.A.1995B.threeyears2.I’vebeeninterestedinChinesefor______.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor______.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.I’vehadaheadachesince_______.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.We’vebeenherefor______.A.onehourB.oneo’clockAABAB6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebeeninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since______.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedhere?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyearsAABABExercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou.(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone5.Youknowthatafriendofyoursislookingforajob.Perhapsshehasbeensuccessful.Askher.Yousay:__________________________?(find)6.Annwenttothebank,butafewminutesagoshereturned.Somebodyasks‘IsAnnstillatthebank?’Yousay:No,__________________________.(comeback)HaveyoualreadyfoundthejobShehasalreadycameback比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的行动所造成的现在的情况。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的事实现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastyear,in1976，twodaysago,justnow…但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连用，也可和包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：already,yet,before,latelyrecently,once,twice,ever,never。。。。1)Shehasalreadycome.2)Ihaven’treadityet.*go\come\leave\die等词语表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，如不能说：Hehasgonefortwomonths.(F)但可以说：Hehasbeenawayfor2months.总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用：already,just,yet,ever,never,before（2）表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek过去完成时态2.过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。1.PastperfectTense过去完成时构成：had＋过去分词6:007:00现在BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes.过去完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语+had+过去分词（p.p.）+….Mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes.否定式：主语+hadn’t+（p.p.）+….Mysisterhadn’talreadywashedalltheclothes.疑问式：Had+主语+p.p.+…?Hadyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes?肯定答语：Yes,主语+hadYes,shehad.否定答语：No，主语+hadn’tNo,shehadn’t.ThedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttense.(1)ShehastaughtEnglishfor6years.(2)“WhereisSusan”“ShehasgonetoAmerica”.表示过去某时发生的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。(1)ShesaidshehadtaughtEnglishfor6years.(2)B