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名词名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式;而不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词:规则变化:1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓)★注意:“元音字母+y”结尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,boy-boys4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落叶),wolf-wolves(狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷)注意:特殊情况直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海湾),roof-roofs(屋顶),belief-beliefs(信仰),proof-proofs(证据)[此处知道即可,暂时不用记]不规则变化:1.man-men,woman-women,policeman(男警察)-policemen,policewoman(女警察)-policewomen,mouse-mice,child(孩子)-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth(牙齿),ox-oxen(公牛)2.fish-fish(鱼),sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,people-people(人,人们)注意:fish:①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如threefish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如:allkindsoffishes.各种各样的鱼③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。people:当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如:Thereare56peoplesinChina.中国有56个民族。实记:tomato-tomatoes(西红柿),potato-potatoes(土豆),hero-heroes(英雄)negro-negroes(黑人),volcano-volcanoes(火山)zoo-zoos,photo-photos不可数名词water(水)、milk(牛奶)、tea(茶)、rice(米饭)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),soup(汤),hair,meat,news(消息),work(工作),paper(纸),weather(天气),luck(运气),grass(草)★中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面German-Germans(德国人)1.be动词遇到名词时的运用:单数名词用is,复数名词用are.2.可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用,不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an.①a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个,相当于汉语的一,但不强调数目观念。②a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。如:anotebook一个笔记本,abook一本书,anoldman一位老人,anEnglishclass一堂英语课。字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:ausefulbook一本有用的书,auniversity一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如anhour一小时,anhonestperson一个诚实的人。3.many+可数名词、much+不可数名词(表示数量很多)few+可数名词、little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)没几个afew+可数名词、alittle+不可数名词(表示数量极少)有几个some,any,alotof、lotsof既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词4、对可数名词的数量提问用howmany对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuchHowmanybooksdoyouhave?Howmuchmilkdoeshedrinkinthemorning?5、①可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰如:twostudents(两个学生)也可用many、afew、some、any、alotof,lotsof,mostof等修饰。②不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)用much,alittle,some,any,alotofalotof,lotsof,mostof等表示多少。如Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶中有很多水。I'lltellyoumuchgoodnews.我要告诉你许多好消息。2)用单位词表示。(用a...of表示。)如acupof(一杯......),abottleof(一瓶......)apieceof(一张......),apairofshoes(一双鞋)twocupsoftea(两杯茶),fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)名词的所有格有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如Mary'sfather(玛丽的父亲)、Jim'smother(吉姆的母亲)。与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。1)单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。如Tom'sknife(汤姆的小刀)children'sbooks(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。如JimandMike'sroom吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间Jim'sandMike'srooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加'即可。如thestudents'reading-room(学生阅览室)Everyoneneedstohaveatleasteighthours'sleepanight.每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。表示时间和地点的名词whereistoday'snewspaper?今天的报纸在哪儿?anhour'swalkisn'tfar.一小时的路程不远。练习题一、写出下列名词的复数,无复数用/表示。I_________this___________that___________watch_______diary_________day________foot________book_______dress______________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____________thief_______peach______sandwich_______________man______paper_______juice_____________water________milk________rice_________tea___________二、填入适当的词。1.Ihavetwo_____(knife)2.Therearemany_____here.(box)3.Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The_____areplayingfootballnow.(child)三、选择a或an或不填(用/表示)penbagapplebigapplebananawaterorangespen四、选择填空1、Bestwishestoyoufor________Day!A、Teacher’sB、Teachers’C、Teacher2、Manychildrenliketogotothe________PalaceonSunday.A、ChildrenB、Children’sC、Childrens’3、Thisis________room.It’sverybig.A、LilyandLucy’sB、Lily’sandLucy’sC、Lily’sandLucy4、Wevisited________houseyesterday.A、TomB、TomsC、Tom’s5.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_______.A.fortyminutes'swalkB.fortyminute'swalkC.fortyminuteswalkD.fortyminutes'walk一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife21、sheep二、选择填空1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato3.______and______arenotfriends.A.Foxs…wolfsB.Foxes…wolfsC.Foxes…wolves4.That’sartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5.Theboysget.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys11.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher12.Wouldyoulike_______,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters13.Thesearethe______ofournational______.A.photos…heroesB.photoes…heroesC.photos…heros14.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes15.Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs16._______aregoodforourhealth.A.TomatosB.TomatoesC.Tomato17.Iliketoe
本文标题:小学英语名词讲解与练习
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