企业涉外知识产权侵权防御及管理

企业涉外知识产权侵权防御及管理DefenseandStrategyofIntellectualPropertyInfringementOverview目录•IntroductiontoDirect,Indirect,WillfulInfringement,USC271aswellassomerelatedcases直接侵权，间接侵权，故意侵权，271条款引诱侵权及相关案例•StepsforavoidanceofpatentInfringementintheUnitedStates,FTOaswellassomerelatedcases防止侵权策略、FTO及相关案例HiddenTraps“走出去”的“尴尬”BasicAttributeofPatentRight:RegionalFeature专利的基本属性：地域性•Patentisarightgrantedbythegovernment,andit’sonlyvalidintheauthorizedcountries.专利是政府授予的权利，只在授权国境内有效。•Theinfringementoccurswhentheproductappearsintheauthorizedcountries.产品专利必须要产品在授权国内出现才侵权。•Thepatentcanonlybeinfringedinthecountrieswhereit’sauthorized.同样地，方法专利只会在被授权的国家境内实施该专利的行为所侵害。AmericaPatentInfringement美国专利侵权•DirectInfringement(Client)-35USC271(a)直接侵权(当事人)-271(a)条款•IndirectInfringement(Accomplice)间接侵权(共犯)–Induceinfringement–35USC271(b)引诱侵权–271(b)条款–Contributoryinfringement–35USC271(c)共同(参与)侵权–271(c)条款•ThebehaviorsaboveareviewedasinfringementsonlyinUSA,thedirectinfringementsoutsideUSAarestatedasfollows:以上行为在美国国内才侵权，下面是美国境外的间接侵权行为:–Providecomponentstoassembleabroad–35USC271(f)(1)提供部件到国外组合–271(f)(1)条款–ImportAmericanpatentedmethodstoproduceproductsabroad35USC271(g)进口美国专利方法在国外制造的产品-271(g)条款–Providepatentedcomponentsforspecificuse–35USC271(f)(2)提供专利特用的零件–271(f)(2)条款PatentInfringementunderUSLaw美国法中的专利侵权•IntheU.S.,apatentprovidesitsproprietorwiththerighttoexcludeothersfromutilizingtheinventionclaimedinthepatent.在美国，专利给予专利权人排他性的特权，对其拥有的技术具有独占使用权。•Shouldapersonutilizethatinvention,withoutpermissionofthepatentproprietor,theyinfringethatpatent.在无专利权人允许的情况下使用该发明，就是专利侵权。•See35U.S.CodeSection271参见见美国专利法271条ExtraterratorialAspectsofUSLaw治外法权•ThegeneralruleisthatU.S.PatentsonlycoveractivitiesintheU.S.美国专利法通常只适用于在美国境内的行为•However,incertaincircumstances,bothactivitiesoriginatingoutsideoftheU.S.&salesoccurringoutsideoftheU.S.maybeimplicatedbyU.S.law然而在特定情况下，从美国境外始发的行为和在美国境外的销售也受美国法管辖DirectInfringement直接侵权•Apersondirectlyinfringesapatentbymaking,using,selling,offeringtosell,orimportingintotheUSanypatentedinvention,withoutauthority,duringthetermofthepatent–35USC271(a)美国专利法271(a)条款规定：未经专利权人许可，制造、使用、销售、授权他人销售或进口入美国的行为，是直接侵权行为。35USC271(a)271（a）条款•(a)Exceptasotherwiseprovidedinthistitle,whoeverwithoutauthoritymakes,uses,offerstosell,orsellsanypatentedinvention,withintheUnitedStates,orimportsintotheUnitedStatesanypatentedinventionduringthetermofthepatenttherefor,infringesthepatent.除法律另外规定外，未经专利权人允许，制造、使用、销售、授权他人销售或进口专利产品到美国的行为，是本条款中规定的侵权行为。DirectInfringement(cases)直接侵权（案例）•JapanesecorporationAsoldproductstoAsiancorporationB.BrequiredAtotaptheboxesoftheproductswiththeaddressofthesubsidiarycorporationofAmericancorporationBtomakeitconvenientforBtosendthemtoUSA→Isitaninfringement?日本A公司卖产品给一个亚洲B公司，B公司要求A公司把产品箱子贴上美国B公司的子公司的地址方便B公司直接寄到美国直接侵权吗？•No.没有。(MEMCElec.Materials,Inc.v.MitsubishiMaterialsSiliconCorp.,420F.3d1369(Fed.Cir.2005)•CanadiancorporationAboughttheproductsofChinesecorporationB,andsoldthemtoAmericancorporationC;ThetradewasprocessedinCanada.Isitadirectinfringement?加拿大A公司采购中国B公司的产品，卖给美国C公司；交货是在加拿大直接侵权吗?•Yes.有。(LightCubes,LLCv.NorthernLightProducts,Inc.,523F.3d1353(Fed.Cir.2008))•TaiwanesecorporationAproducedelectronicproductsinShenzhen,andthetradewasprocessedinChina.Beforethetrade,AsentsomesamplestoUSAandgotUL.Isitadirectinfringement?台湾A公司在深圳制造电子产品卖给公司，在中国交货，交货前寄了几个样品到美国取得UL认证直接侵权吗？•Yes有。(Fellowesv.MichilinProsperityCo.,491F.Supp.2d571,583(E.D.Va.2007).)IndirectInfringement间接侵权•ThePatentActdoesnotdirectlydistinguish“direct”and“indirect”infringement.美国专利法并没有直接区分“直接侵权”与“间接侵权”•§271(b)and(c)aretypicallygroupedtogetheras“indirect”waysofinfringingapatent:271（b）和（c）条款合并规定了“间接的”专利侵权方式–§271(b)createsatypeofinfringementdescribedas“activeinducementofinfringement.”271（b）的“积极引诱”侵权–§271(c)createsliabilityforthosewhohavecontributedtotheinfringementofapatent.271c对侵权行为提供帮助者的法律责任–Bothtypesofindirectinfringementcanonlyoccurwhentherehasactuallybeenadirectinfringementofthepatent.上述2种间接侵权只发生在实际存在一个直接侵权的情况下35USC271(b),(c)271（b）和（c）条款•(b)Whoeveractivelyinducesinfringementofapatentshallbeliableasaninfringer（b）条款中，积极引诱侵权者应被视为侵权方•(c)WhoeverofferstosellorsellswithintheUnitedStatesorimportsintotheUnitedStatesacomponentofapatentedmachine,manufacture,combination,orcomposition,oramaterialorapparatusforuseinpracticingapatentedprocess,constitutingamaterialpartoftheinvention,knowingthesametobeespeciallymadeorespeciallyadaptedforuseinaninfringementofsuchpatent,andnotastaplearticleorcommodityofcommercesuitableforsubstantialnon-infringinguse,shallbeliableasacontributoryinfringer.（c）条款针对专利产品组件的生产、销售、组装，该部件是发明的一部分且当事人明知该部件是特别为专利产品生产制造的，且没有其他非专利侵权的商业用途，该当事人是辅助（贡献）侵权。35USC271(b)(Inducement)271（b）条款（引诱侵权）•Section271(b)coverssituationswhereapartyactivelyinducestheinfringementofapatentbyencouraging,aiding,orotherwisecausinganotherpersonorentitytoinfringeapatent.271（b）条款规定，一方积极主动引诱侵权，通过鼓励、协助、或其他手段促成第三方完成的侵权行为。•Thepotentialinducermustactuallybeawareofthepatentandintendfortheiractionstoresultinathirdpartyinfringingthatpatent.潜在的引诱者必须意识到专利的存在且希望其引诱行为会导致第三方做出侵权行为。35USC271(b)–SupremeCourtWeighsIn271(b)条款-最高法院审理的领域•Glob