英语阅读主旨大意题目技巧

MMaaiinnIIddeeaa主主旨旨大大意意题题阅阅读读技技巧巧主旨大意题的特征及设题这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Mainidea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。阅阅读读中中主主旨旨大大意意题题的的题题型型分分类类::标题类,主旨题(文章主旨,段落主旨),写作目的标题类试题常见的题干形式(体现概括性,避免远离主题)(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式(体现全面性,避免以偏概全)(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Thepassagetalksabout...(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith...(5)What’sthemainidea/topicofthepassage?段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式(体现针对性,避免张冠李戴)(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat.(2)Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?(4)What’sthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?第第一一步步::识识别别文文体体,,找找主主题题句句议论文：总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文：主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文：记叙文六要素主主题题句句在在文文中中的的位位置置::开开门门见见山山：：提提出出主主题题--------细细节节支支撑撑阐阐明明主主题题段段末末点点睛睛：：细细节节描描述述--------归归纳纳要要点点------概概括括主主题题段段中中点点旨旨：：细细节节描描述述------归归纳纳主主题题------进进一一步步解解释释无无主主题题句句：：考考生生需需根根据据文文章章中中所所叙叙述述的的事事实实或或提提供供的的线线索索来来概概括括和和总总结结文文章章的的大大意意寻找主题句的方法(一)记叙文:文中一般没有明显的题句说明文:一般在首段议论文:一般为总分总模式,即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。(二)关注重要标志词：but,yet,however等notonly…butalso句型forexample，suchas等词so,therefore,actually,inshort,等词…show/find/suggest/argue等词后往往预示着新发现或真理(三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。(四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.(五)关注高频词(常为名词)第二步:推敲选项,排除干扰推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:⑴根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案⑵正确选项常含有概括性的词语⑶正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词⑷正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理⑸四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案干干扰扰项项((即即错错误误选选项项))特特点点11））以以偏偏概概全全，，选选项项只只是是局局部部信信息息,,或或是是一一句句没没有有展展开开论论述述的的话话；；22））过过于于笼笼统统，，即即选选项项归归纳纳的的主主题题过过于于宽宽泛泛,,与与细细节节脱脱节节或或是是没没有有对对细细节节加加以以充充分分论论述述；；33））选选项项的的观观点点强强加加于于作作者者,,选选项项的的观观点点往往往往是是读读者者根根据据自自己己的的常常识识对对文文章章进进行行判判断断而而忽忽视视作作者者的的见见解解；；44））相相反反信信息息与与文文章章的的主主题题完完全全相相反反55））无无关关信信息息既既在在文文章章中中没没有有提提到到或或找找不不到到语语言言依依据据的的信信息息。。标题的特点:简练,全面,范围合理,常为名词.忌:范围太大,过于笼统,范围太小(常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆).如何寻找主题句Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.Sample4（无主题句）JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.Sample5Thestudyontheimpactoflightonteenagers’sleepinghabitsfindsthatinsufficientdailymorninglightexposurecontributestoteenagersnotgettingenoughsleep.………50.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?LackofMorningLightKeepingTeenagersupatNightB.LightTherapyCanReduceHealthRisksofTeenagers.C.MeasuresImpactofReducedMorningLightExposure.D.StudentsWearsSpecialGlassestoGuaranteeSleep.Sample6Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness,happiness,goodness,andself-respect?Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedashonorhelpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here'sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent,andprofitfromtheclerk'smistake,wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.幻灯片22Ontheotherhand,ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem,theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.Then,whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase,wherewedon'ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?HowtoLiveTruthfullyImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActionsAneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyredu