音标发音汇总及口语中出现的连读、弱读等情况

英文字母及发音音标...................................................................................................1哑音字母及过去式单复数读音规则.....................................................................................111）哑音字母................................................................................................................112.）规则动词词尾加-ed读音.....................................................................................123.）单复数的发音规则................................................................................................13一：连读.............................................................................................................................13(1)“辅音+元音”型连读............................................................................................18(2)“r/re+元音”型连读.............................................................................................19(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读.........................................................................................19(4)“元音+元音”型：................................................................................................20(5)“爆破音+爆破音”型............................................................................................21(6)“爆破音+摩擦音”型............................................................................................21（7）爆破音+m/n......................................................................................................23爆破音失爆..................................................................................................................23二：同化.............................................................................................................................23三、失音.............................................................................................................................24四、浊化.............................................................................................................................25五、弱读.............................................................................................................................25六、节奏.............................................................................................................................26英文字母及发音音标Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[dзi:]Hh[eitſ]Ii[ai]Jj[dзei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əu]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[a:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[`d^blju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]前元音：[i:][i][e][æ]中元音：[ə:][ə]后元音:[a:][ʌ][u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ]合口双元音为:[ei][ai][ɔɪ][au][əu]集中双元音为：[iə][ɛə][uə]爆破音:[p][b][t][d][k][g]摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ð][ʃ][3][s][z][h][r]破擦音:[tſ][dз][tr][dr][ts][dz]鼻辅音:[m][n][ŋ]舌边音:[l]半元音:[w][j]元音字母a,e,i,o,u在重读音节中的一般读音规则aeiou重读开音节：[ei][i:][ai][əu][ju:][u:]重读闭音节：[æ][e][i][ɔ][ʌ][u]元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackback1-02e在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese1-03在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg1-04i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite1-05在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06o在开音节中[əu]thoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsock1-08u在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09在闭音节中[]buscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01[i]orangecomradevillagecabbage2-02e[]hundredstudentopenweekend2-03[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04i[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05[ai]exercisesatellite2-06o[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07[u]alsozerophoto（尾音）2-08u[]autumndiffcult2-09[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuar2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue2-12在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。一般来说,元音字母在非重读音节中往往读得很短很轻,因此经常发短元音/ə/或/i/,有时还干脆不发音注意到开音节读的长，闭音节读的短字母y的发音规律：字母y是一个非常特殊的字母。它既可以用作辅音字母，也可用作元音字母，因此有的语言学家把它称为“半元音”。字母Yy的发音有三种情况。(1)在元音字母之前，通常发辅音/j/。例如：yes,yet,yesterday,yellow(2)在大多数双音节和多音节单词里，如位于辅音字母之后，且为非重读音节里，通常发短元音/i/。例如：happy,funny,sunny,windy(3)在单音节和少数双音节单词里，如位于辅音之后，且为重读音节，通常发长元音/ai/。（个别单词除外）例如：July,shy,spy,try三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[]wantwhatwatchwashquality3-01a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前（变成开音节）[ai]findchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前（变成开音节）[u]mostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前（变成闭音节）[]comemonkeylovemother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ar[α:]carfarmdarksharpener4-01[:]warmquartertowards（ar在[w]音后面）4-02or[:]fortymorningshort4-03[ɛ:]wordworkerworse（or在[w]音后面）4-04erirur[:]certainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday4-07五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are[ε]caredarehare5-01ere[i]heremere5-02ire[ai]firehirewire5-03ore[:]morescorebefore5-04ure[ju]purecure5-05areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picturepleasure5-06重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph5-08六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay6-01air[ε]airhairchairpairrepair6-02al[]smallballtalkwallall6-03al在fm前[:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost6-04[α:]halfcalm6-05au/aw[:]au