ca.现在分词-功能-形式变化-思维导图

动词的ing形式的句法功能1．作主语asthesubject['sʌbdʒikt]ing形式+谓语动词Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting.出国旅游是很激动人心的。Learningnewwordsisveryimportant.学习新的单词是非常重要的。It's+形容词（附表1）+ing形式It'snicetalkingtoyou.和你谈话很高兴。It'sgoodhearingEnglishspoken.听到人家在讲英语，我很高兴。It'sdangerousyourdrinkingsomuchliquor.你喝那么多酒，真危险。It's+名词（附表2）+ing形式It'snousearguingaboutit.争论那件事毫无用处。It'sbeenalotoffunmeetingyou.见到你真是太有趣了。It'sawasteoftimeyourtalkingtohim.你跟他说话，真是浪费时间。2.作宾语astheobject['ɔbdʒikt]有些动词（附表3）只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语1.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.我喜欢和你共事。Pardonmyasking,butisthatyourhusband?请原谅我多问，那位是您的先生2.Wouldyoumindfillingoutthisform?请你填这张表格好吗？Sheadmittedhavingdriventhecarwithoutinsurance.她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。3.Heavoidedgivingusdefiniteanswer.他避免给我们作明确的回答。Hecan’tendurebeingdefeated.他无法忍受失败。4.Youmustn'tdelaysendingtheletter.你不要耽误了送信。Excusemyinterruptingyou.对不起，打扰你一下。5.Heleftoffplayingthepianotoanswerthedoor.他停止弹钢琴，前去开门。Doyoufancygoingoutthisevening?今晚你想不想出去？6.Lentils['lentil]donotrequiresoakingbeforecooking.小扁豆在烹饪前不必浸泡。吗？Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他险些丧命。7.I’dadvisebuyingyourticketswellinadvanceifyouwanttotravelinAugust.Shenarrowlymissedhittinghim.作短语动词的宾语包括含介词to的动词短语（附表4）I'mthinkingofvisitingthesecities.我在想游览这些城市。Shewastiredofdrawing.她厌倦画画。He'sfondofswimmingindeepwater.他喜欢在深水游泳。Iobjecttobeingjumpeduponfortrivialmatterlikethis.我讨厌因这种小事而受人责备。Sheisn’tusedtolivinginthecountrysidenow她不习惯在乡下生活。Reportersshouldsticktoinvestigatingthefacts.记者应该坚持调查事实真相。I'vebeenlookingforwardtocomingtoBeijing.我一直盼望来北京作介词的宾语Ilikeyourmethodofdoingthework.我喜欢你做这工作的方法。Afterplayingchess,wewatchedTV.下完象棋之后，我们看电视。Thanksforcomingtoseeme.谢谢你，来看我。Insteadofgoinghome,hewenttoseeafilm.他没有回家而是去看电影。3.作宾补astheobjectcomplement动词ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。感觉到的动作不是全过程。Wesawthemwalkingacrosstheroad.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。Iheardawomancryingdownstairs.我听见一个妇女在楼下叫喊。Ifeltsomethingcrawling[krɔ:l]ontomyleg.我感到有东西爬上我的双腿。Sheislisteningtohersistersinging.她正在听她妹妹唱歌。4.作定语astheattributive[ə'tribjutiv]作名词的前置定语（附表5）Thereisa(swimming)poolinthebuilding.ing形式短语作后置定语Doyouknowtheman(standingattheentrance)?你认识站在入口处的那个人吗？Therewerealotofpeople(boatingonthelake.)湖上有许多正在划船的人。5.作表语asthepredicative['predi.keitiv]动词ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好就是集邮。Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.我的爱好是种花。Myfavouritesportisplayingtennis.我喜爱的运动是打网球。在句型主+系+表中，若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语和表语要取得一致。如：主语是ing形式表语也应是ing形式，主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Toseeistobelieve.6.作状语astheadverbial[əd'və:biəl]作时间状语[Crossingtheroad],hewasrunoverbyacar.[Havingdonetheirhomework],thestudentsplayedfootball.作原因状语[NotknowingEnglish],hecouldn'tunderstandthefilm.[HavinglivedinShanghaiforyears],heknowstheplaceverywell.作条件状语[Workinghard],youwilldowellintheexam.[Turningtotheleft],youwillseethepostoffice.作结果状语Hisparentsdiedinthewar,[leavinghimanorphan].Thechildfell,[strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit].作让步状语[Workingorreading],shealwaysdidherbest.[Notbeingarichmanhimself],hehelpedthepoorgenerously.作伴随状语Thechildrenwentintotheclassroom,[talkingandlaughing].Shesatthere,[staringattheceiling（['si:liŋ]天花板）].（附表1）It's+形容词+ing形式uselessnicegoodinterestingdangerous无用的令人愉快的好的令人感兴趣的危险的（附表2）It's+名词+ing形式nousenogood好处funawasteoftime没有用没有好处乐趣时间上的浪费（附表3）有些动词只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语suggestfinishavoidcan'thelpmindadmitenjoyleaveoffrequirepostponeputoff建议完成避免忍不住介意承认喜欢停止需要推迟推迟delaypracticefancyexcusepardonadviseconsiderdenyendureescapemiss推迟练习想要宽恕原谅建议考虑否认忍受逃未击中（附表4）作短语动词的宾语包括含介词to的动词短语devote…toobjecttopayattentiontogetdowntoleadtolookforwardtosticktobeusedtogetusedto把……献于反对注意着手，开始导致盼望坚持习惯于习惯于（附表5）动词ing形式作名词的前置定语swimmingpoolteachingmethodwashingmachinewalkingstickSleepingBeautysleepingbagrunningwater游泳池教学方法洗衣机手杖睡美人睡袋自来水runningshoesjumpingropejumpingboarddivingsuitlaughinglinecryingshamewakingdevice运动鞋跳绳起跳板潜水服笑纹奇耻大辱叫醒dyingwordslivingroomdiningroomhelpingteacherkillinghousesingingsanddancinghall遗嘱客厅餐厅辅助老师屠宰场鸣沙舞厅动词ing形式的复合结构ing形式的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语是一致的。但是，如果出现ing形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，则要在ing形式的前面加上一个物主代词，或名词所有格。在非正式语体中也可以用名词的通格或代词宾格代替。ing形式的复合结构在句子中可以作主语、表语和宾语：作主语Yourcomingtohelpuswasagreatencouragement.你们来帮助我们是一种极大的鼓舞。Itis(of)nouseyourtellingmenottoworry.你要我不要担心是没有用的。Mysonstayingupsolateworriedme.我儿子老是熬夜令我担心。作表语Ouronlyworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.我们唯一担心的是你太倚重自己。作宾语Doyoumindmysmokinghere?我在这儿抽烟你介意吗？Ican'tunderstandhisthinkinglikethat.我不能理解他的这种想法。Idon'tmindhimgoing.他去我没有意见。Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtempers.她讨厌人发脾气。Ihatepeoplebeingunhappy.我不喜欢有人闷闷不乐。动词ing形式的时态一般式ing形式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是正在发生：[Arrivingatthestation],hefoundthetrainhadleft.到达车站时，他发现火车已经开了。（动作几乎同时）Theman(plantingtreesinfrontofthebuilding)isourschoolmaster.在大楼前面种树的那个人是我们的校长。（正在发生）Lockingthedoor,shewentout.(locking与wentout之间无时隔)完成式ing形式完成式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前：[Havingdressedmyself],Iwenttotheoffice.我穿好了衣服就到办公室去。（ing形式的动作在先）[Nothavingtriedhisbest],hefailedintheexam.由于没有尽力备考，他考试没能通过。（ing形式的动作在先）Havingfinishedhispipe,herosefromthetable.（havingfinished与rose有时隔，以免唐突无礼）动词ing形式的语态被动态当逻辑主语是ing形式的承受者时，ing形式应采用被动态。Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.这个问题远没有解决。Idon'trememberhavingbeengivenachancetohaveatry.我记不起曾经有人给过我一个机会让我尝试一下。DoyoumindJam'sbeingl