您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1A.KingHuiofLiang(partone)孟子見梁惠王。王曰,「叟,不遠千里而來,亦將有以利吾國乎?」孟子對曰,「王何必曰利?亦有仁義而已矣。」「王曰:『何以利吾國?』大夫曰:『何以利吾家?』士庶人曰:『何以利吾身?』上下交征利,而國危矣!萬乘之國弑其君者,必千乘之家;千乘之國,弑其君者,必百乘之家。萬取千焉,千取百焉,不爲不多矣;苟爲後義而先利,不奪不饜。」「未有仁而遺其親者也,未有義而後其君者也。」「王亦曰仁義而已矣,何必曰利?」[1A:1]MenciuswenttoseeKingHuiofLiang.TheKingsaid:Mygoodman,sinceyouhaven'tthoughtonethousandlitoofartocomeandseeme,mayIpresumethatyouhavesomethingwithwhichIcanprofitmykingdom?Menciussaid:Whymustyouspeakofprofit?WhatIhaveforyouisHumanenessandRightness,andthat'sall.Ifyoualwayssay'howcanIprofitmykingdom?'yourtopofficerswillask,'howcanweprofitourclans?'Theelites(shi)1andthecommonpeoplewillask:'Howcanweprofitourselves?'Superiorsandinferiorswillstruggleagainsteachotherforprofit,andthecountrywillbeinchaos.Inakingdomoftenthousandchariots,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonethousandchariots.Inathousand-chariotkingdom,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonehundredchariots.Now,tohaveathousandintenthousand,oronehundredinathousandisnotreallyallthatmuch.Butifyouputdue-givinglastandprofitfirst,noonewillbesatisfiedunlesstheycangrabsomething.Therehasneverbeenahumanemanwhoneglectedhisparents,andtherehasneverbeenajustmanwhoputhisprincelastinhispriorities.King,can'twelimitourconversationtohumanenessanddue-giving?Whymustwediscussprofit?梁惠王曰:「寡人之於國也,盡心焉耳矣!河內凶,則移其民於河東,移其粟於河內;河東凶亦然。察鄰國之政,無如寡人之用心者;鄰國之民不加少,寡人之民不加多:何也?」孟子對曰:「王好戰,請以戰喩。填然鼓之,兵刃旣接,棄甲曳兵而走,或百歩而後止,或五十歩而後止;以五十歩笑百歩,則何如?」曰:「不可。直不百歩耳,是亦走也!」曰:「王如知此,則無望民之多於鄰國也。」「不違農時,穀不可勝食也;數罟不入洿池,魚鼈不可勝食也;斧斤以時入山林,材木不可勝用也;穀與魚鼈不可勝食,材木不可勝用,是使民養生喪死無憾也;養生喪死無憾,王道之始也。」「五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣;雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時,七十者可以食肉矣;百畝之田,勿奪於時,數口之家可以無饑矣;謹庠序之教,申之以孝悌之義,頒白者不負戴於道路矣;七十者衣帛食肉,黎民不饑不寒;然而不王者,未之有也!」「狗彘食人食而不知檢,塗有餓莩而不知發;人死,則曰:『非我也,歳也。』是何異於刺人而殺之,曰:『非我也,兵也!』王無罪歳,斯天下之民至焉。」[1A:3]KingHuiofLiangsaid:Iexertmywholeconsciousnesstowardsmypeople.WhenthereisdisasterinHe-nei,ImovethepeopletoHe-dongandbringgraintoHe-nei.WhenthereisdisasterinHe-dong,Idolikewise.2Now,ifyoulookatthegovernmentinneighboringkingdoms,thereisnoonewhoisasdedicatedtohispeopleasI.Yetwhyisitthatthepeopledon'tmovefromotherstatesandcometomine?Menciusreplied:Yourmajesty,youlikewar,don'tyou?Letmemakeanexamplewithwar:Thedrummershavepsychedthesoldiersintothebattlefieldandthebattleisengaged.Somesoldiersthrowofftheirheavyarmorandflee,draggingtheirweapons.Onefellowrunsahundredpacesandstops.Anotherrunsfiftypacesandstops.Whatwouldyouthinkiftheonewhoranfiftypaceslaughsattheonewhoranahundred?TheKingsaid:Noway.Eventhoughhedidn'trunahundredpaces,hestillran.Menciussaid:Ifyourealizethis,thenyoushouldn'texpectpeopletomovetoyourkingdom.Ifyoudon'tinterferewiththetimingofthefarmers,therewillbemoregrainthancanbeeaten.Iffine-meshnetsarekeptoutofthepondsandlakes,therewillbemorefishandturtlesthanyoucaneat.Ifloggersareregulatedintheirwoodcutting,therewillbemorewoodthancanbeused.Whenthereismoregrain,morefishandturtlesthancanbeeaten,andmorewoodthancanbeused,thepeoplewillnourishthelivingandmournthedeadwithoutresentment.Nourishingthelivingandmourningthedeadwithoutresentmentisthebeginningoftheroadtotruekingship.Ifmulberrytreesareplantedaroundhomesteadsofanacre,thenpeoplefiftyyearsoldcanbeclothedinsilk.If,intheraisingoffowl,pigs,dogsandswine,theirbreedingtimesarenotmissed,thenpeopleseventyyearsoldcaneatmeat.Ifyoudonotupsetthefarmingscheduleinafarmoftwentyacres,thenalargeclanwillneverbehungry.Paycarefulattentiontoeducation,basingitontheRightnessoffilialpietyandrespectforelders,andthegray-hairedpeoplewillnotbeinthestreetscarryingheavyburdensontheirbacks.Therehasneverbeenacasewherethepeopleofseventywereeatingmeatandtheblack-hairedpeoplewerefreefromcoldandhunger,wherethekingwasnotwellregarded.But[inyourkingdom],dogsandswineeatmen'sfood,andyoudon'tcontrolit.Peoplearedyingofstarvationinthestreetsanditdoesn'toccurtoyoutodistributegrainfromthestorehouses.Peopledie,andyousay:'It'snotmyfault;itwasabadharvest.'Howisthisdifferentfromstabbingamantodeathandsaying,'Itwasn'tme,itwastheknife.'Ifyouwouldstopplacingtheblameonbadharvests,allofthepeopleinthecountrywouldcometoyou.梁惠王曰:「寡人願安承教。」孟子對曰:「殺人以梃與刃,有以異乎?」曰:「無以異也。」「以刃與政有以異乎?」曰:「無以異也。」曰:庖有肥肉,廏有肥馬,民有飢色,野有餓莩,此率獸而食人也。獸相食,且人惡之;爲民父母行政,不免於率獸而食人,惡在其爲民父母也!仲尼曰:『始作俑者,其無後乎!』爲其象人而用之也,如之何其使斯民饑而死也。」[1A:4]KingHuiofLiangsaid:Iwouldliketoquietlyreceiveyourinstruction.Menciussaid:Isthereanydifferencebetweenkillingamanwithastickorasword?TheKingreplied:Nodifference.Menciussaid:Isthereanydifferencebetweendoingitwithaswordanddoingitwithgovernment?Nodifferencewasthereply.Menciussaid:Thereareloadsoffatmeatinyourkitchenwhilethepeopleinthecountrysidearedyingofstarvation.Animalsareeveneatingpeople.Now,mendespiseanimalswhofeedoneachother.Andyousayyouwanttobe'theparentofthepeople.'Butintheactualhandlingofyourgovernment,youcannotevenpreventanimalsfromfeedingonmen.Howcanyouberegardedasa'parentofthepeople?'Confuciussaid:'Wasn'tthefirstfellowwhomadewoodenimagesforburialwiththedeadrememberedforever?'Thisisbecausehemadeimagesofmenandusedthemforsuchapurpose.Whatmemoryshalltherebeofthemanwhomadehispeopledieofstarvation?梁惠王曰:「普國,天下莫強焉,叟之所知也。及寡人之身,東敗於齊,長子死焉;西喪地於
本文标题:《孟子》英译
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5650925 .html