semantic-change-of-words

SemanticchangeofwordsMadeby:刘梨、刘蓉、侯蓉、唐兰兰、刘驰、罗静Usersgiveanewconcepttoanoldform,andsothemeaningofaformismultiplied.ClassificationBroadeningNarrowingMeaningshiftClassshiftFolketymologyBroadeningAprocesstoextendorelevatethemeaningfromitsoriginallyspecificsensetoarelativelygeneralone.eg.holiday(holyday)→adayforrestbird(youngbird)→anykindofbirdcompanion(apersonwithwhomyoushareabread)→apersonwhoaccompaniesyou.NarrowingTheoriginalmeaningofawordcanbenarrowedorrestrictedtoaspecificsense.Eg.meat(food)→theediblefleshofanimalscattle(personalproperty,domesticanimals)→animalsofthespeciesBosTaurus.girl(youngpersonofeithersex)→youngwoman.Meaningshift‏Thechangeofmeaninghasnothingtodowithgeneralizationorrestriction.‏Whatmakesthemeaningofaworddifferentisitsdeparturefromitsoriginaldomainasaresultofitsmetaphoricaluseage.‏Eg.bead（prayer）→theprayerbead→small,ball-shapedpieceofglass,metalorwood.ClassshiftByshiftingthewordclassonecanchangethemeaningofawordfromaconcreteentityornotiontoaprocessorattribution.Zero-Derivation/ConversionEg.Engineer(n.apersontrainedinabranchofengineering)→v.toactasanengineer;toplan,tomaneuverhog(n.apig)→v.totakeandkeep(allofsomething)foroneself.FolketymologyThechangeoftheformofawordorphrase,resultingfromanincorrectpopularnotionoftheoriginormeaningoftheterm,orfromtheinfluenceofmorefamiliartermsmistakenlytakentobeanalogous.Eg.asparagus→sparrowgrasscucaracha(Spanish)→cockroachHeisawizatmath.wiz(amanwhohasmagicpowers,andhenceamanofamazingabilities)→amanofintellectualquickness→whiz