Design-of-Intelligent-Traffic-Light-Controller-Usi

DESIGNOFINTELLIGENTTRAFFICLIGHTCONTROLLERUSINGEMBEDDEDSYSTEMShilpaS.Chavan(Walke)1,Dr.R.S.Deshpande3,J.G.Rana21.Student,M.E.(Electronics),2.ProfessorandHead,Dept.ofElectronicsEngineering,JawaharlalNehruEngineeringCollege,Aurangabad,Maharashtra,INDIA.3.DeanandProfessor,Dept.ofElectronics,GHRaisoniEducationFoundation’sCollegeofEngineeringandManagement,Chas,Ahmednagar,INDIA.{E-mailid:[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail]}ABSTRACT:PresentTrafficLightControllers(TLC)arebasedonmicrocontrollerandmicroprocessor.TheseTLChavelimitationsbecauseitusesthepre-definedhardware,whichisfunctioningaccordingtotheprogramthatdoesnothavetheflexibilityofmodificationonrealtimebasis.Duetothefixedtimeintervalsofgreen,orangeandredsignalsthewaitingtimeismoreandcarusesmorefuel.Tomaketrafficlightcontrollingmoreefficient,weexploittheemergenceofnewtechniquecalledas“Intelligenttrafficlightcontroller”.ThismakestheuseofSensorNetworksalongwithEmbeddedTechnology.ThetimingsofRed,Greenlightsateachcrossingofroadwillbeintelligentlydecidedbasedonthetotaltrafficonalladjacentroads.Thus,optimizationoftrafficlightswitchingincreasesroadcapacityandtrafficflow,andcanpreventtrafficcongestions.GSMcellphoneinterfaceisalsoprovidedforusersthosewhowishtoobtainthelatestpositionoftrafficoncongestedroads.Thisisauniquefeatureofthisprojectwhichisveryusefultocardriverstotakeanalternaterouteincaseofcongestion.Thevariousperformanceevaluationcriteriaareaveragewaitingtime,averagedistancetraveledbyvehicles,switchingfrequencyofgreenlightatajunction,efficientemergencymodeoperationandsatisfactoryoperationofSMSusingGSMMobile.TheperformanceoftheIntelligentTrafficLightControlleriscomparedwiththeFixedModeTrafficLightController.ItisobservedthattheproposedIntelligentTrafficLightControllerismoreefficientthantheconventionalcontrollerinrespectoflesswaitingtime,moredistancetraveledbyaveragevehiclesandefficientoperationduringemergencymodeandGSMinterface.Moreover,thedesignedsystemhassimplearchitecture,fastresponsetime,userfriendlinessandscopeforfurtherexpansion.Keywords:IntelligentTrafficLightController,embeddedsystem,PerformanceEvaluation,Microcontrollerbasedsystem.I.INTRODUCTIONFasttransportationsystemsandrapidtransitsystemsarenervesofeconomicdevelopmentsforanynation.Alldevelopednationshaveawelldevelopedtransportationsystemwithefficienttrafficcontrolonroad,railandair.Transportationofgoods,industrialproducts,manpowerandmachineryarethekeyfactorswhichinfluencetheindustrialdevelopmentofanycountry.Mismanagementandtrafficcongestionresultsinlongwaitingtimes,lossoffuelandmoney.Itisthereforeutmostnecessarytohaveafast,economicalandefficienttrafficcontrolsystemfornationaldevelopment.Themonitoringandcontrolofcitytrafficisbecomingamajorprobleminmanycountries.Withtheeverincreasingnumberofvehiclesontheroad,theTrafficMonitoringAuthorityhastofindnewmethodsofovercomingsuchaproblem[1-4].Themeasurestakenaredevelopmentofnewroadsandflyoversinthemiddleofthecity;buildingofseveralringsuchastheinnerringroad,middleringroadandouterringroad;introductionofcitytrainssuchasthelightrapidtransit(LRT),andmonorails;restrictingoflargevehiclesinthecityduringpeakhours;andalsodevelopmentofsophisticatedtrafficmonitoringandcontrolsystems.Growingnumbersofroadusersandthelimitedresourcesprovidedbycurrentinfrastructuresleadtoeverincreasingtravelingtimes[5,6].Onewaytoimprovetrafficflowandsafetyofthecurrenttransportationsystemistoapplyautomationandintelligentcontrolmethodstoroadsideinfrastructureandvehicles[7].Transportationresearchhasthegoaltooptimizetransportationflowofpeopleandgoods.Asthenumberofroadusersconstantlyincreases,andresourcesprovidedbycurrentinfrastructuresarelimited,intelligentcontroloftrafficwillbecomeaveryimportantissueinthefuture.TheproblemsoftypicalconventionaltrafficlightControllerarementionedbelow:A.HeavyTrafficJamsWithincreasingnumberofvehiclesonroad,heavytrafficcongestionhassubstantiallyincreasedinmajorcities.Thishappenedusuallyatthemainjunctionscommonlyinthemorning,beforeofficehourandintheevening,afterofficehours.Themaineffectofthismatterisincreasedtimewastingofthepeopleontheroad.Thesolutionforthisproblemisbydevelopingtheprogramwhichdifferentsettingdelaysfordifferentjunctions.Thedelayforjunctionsthathavehighvolumeoftrafficshouldbesettinglongerthanthedelayforthejunctionthathaslowoftraffic.ThisoperationiscallingNormalMode[8].B.Notraffic,butstillneedtowaitAtcertainjunctions,sometimesevenifthereisnotraffic,peoplehavetowait.Becausethetrafficlightremainsredforthepresettimeperiod,theroadusersshouldwaituntilthelightturntogreen.Iftheyruntheredlight,theyhavetopayfine.ThesolutionofthisproblemisbydevelopingasystemwhichdetectstrafficflowoneachroadandsettimingsSecondInternationalConferenceonEmergingTrendsinEngineeringandTechnology,ICETET-09978-0-7695-3884-6/09$26.00©2009IEEE1086ofsignalsaccordingly.Moreover,synchronizationoftrafficsignalsinadjacentjunctionsisalsonecessary[9].C.EmergencycarstuckintrafficjamUsually,duringtrafficjam,theemergencyvehicle,suchasambulance,firebrigadeand