第三单元-词汇翻译

第三单元词汇翻译•（语言语境）•3.1判断词义•3.2选择用词（3.3变换用词、3.4词语搭配）•（非语言语境）•3.5特殊词汇翻译•Wordsdonothavemeanings；peoplehavemeaningsforthem.•----------EricPartridge(1894-1979),lexicographer,oneofthetwentiethcentury'sleadingexpertsonAmerican,English,andAustralianslang.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.•----------JohnRupertFirth(1890-1960),theLondonschooloflinguistics3.1判断词义1.查阅字典（网上字典）2.分析句子、句群的语法结构3.上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果语言语境查阅字典（网上字典）•1.Whatyouhavealwayswanteduntilnowhasbeenaset,steady,constantpurpose.•2.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning.•3.Theywerenotrich.Theyhadlivedalltheirlivesinwant.•4.Heiswantedinconnectionwiththemurderofateenagegirl.•5.Youarewantedonthephone.•sanctionsanctions•groundgrounds•Theleafslowlyflutteredtotheground。•Jimhasstronggroundstoaskformoremoney.•customcustoms•economyeconomies•damagedamages•exportexports•transactiontransactions理由节约措施海关赔偿费出口货物（会议的）讨论、记录分析句子的语法结构•Hetookchargeofhisfailingfatherandafteratime…..•fail•tobeunsuccessfulinsthyouwanttodo,inexam/test,orinbusiness•bodyorgansstopsworking•failingsight/health•衰退的视力/身体分析句群的语法结构（关联词表达的逻辑关系）•…thattheremustbesomethingdashingand“fast”inhisappearance,whereashiscostumewasperfectlyplain,theexpressionofhisfacegraveandearnest,…•时髦放荡•朴素严肃诚挚fast•MarxandEngelswerefastfriends.•Thebabyisfastasleep.•Sheheldonfastastheywentroundthebend(弯道).•Weshouldholdfasttoourfaithstilltheveryend.•MuslimsfastduringRamadan.•1.Mysisterthinksitisfutiletostudyhardthenighbeforeanexam,butIfinditquiteuseful.•2.Cellphoneshavebecomeubiquitous;youcanseeandhearthemeverywhere.•3.Desalination,ortheremovalofsaltfromseawater,isamethodofprovidingfreshwaterforbusiness,homeandagricultureuse.•Australianpassportswillnowhavethreegenderoptions-male,femaleandx.Thenewcategoryisonlyforusebyintersexpeople-whoarenotbiologicallyentirelymaleorfemale.girlfriendvoiceGirlfriendvoicereferstothechangeinpitchortoneofaman‘svoicewhentalkingtotheirsignificantother.Thegirlfriendvoiceischaracterizedbyahigherpitchandamoreeffeminate（温柔的）tonewithspeechpatternsscatteredwithpetnamesandchildishwords.女友专用调指男士在跟自己的另一半说话时声调和语气上的变化。这种变化主要体现为：声调提高、语调更显温柔，并且不时夹杂着各种爱称和幼稚的语言。根据词语的词性back1.Iwillcomeback,Iwill.2.Itwassaidthattheywouldbacktheplan.3.It’sthelaststrawthatbreaksthecamel’sback.1.我一定会回来的。2.据说他们会支持这个计划。3.压死骆驼的最后一根稻草。分析上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果等来判定词义ArrestsMadeinChina‘GutterOil’ScandalChinesepolicehavearrested32peopleforproducingandsellingadulteratedcookingoilmadefromleftoversdredgedfromguttersbehindrestaurants.我国公安机关抓获了非法炼制及销售餐馆地沟油制成的食用油的32名犯罪嫌疑人。Morethan100tonnesofsuchoilwasseizedafterbusting（摧毁）acriminalnetworkspanning14provinces,theministryofpublicsecuritysaid.公安部称在摧毁了这个涉及14个省的地沟油犯罪网络后，公安机关共查处了地沟油炼制的食用油逾百吨。3.2选择用词1.确切理解所选用词的含义2.注意所选用词的感情色彩和语体色彩3.慎用文言文和方言确切理解所选用词的含义及感情色彩•FromCharlesDickenstoHisSon•狄更斯致子函•Iwritethisnotetodaybecauseyourgoingawayismuchuponmymind,andbecauseIwantyoutohaveafewpartingwordsfrommetothinkofnowandthenatquiettimes.IneednottellyouthatIloveyoudearly,andamvery,verysorryinmyhearttopartwithyou.Butthislifeishalfmadeupofpartings,andthesepainsmustbeborne.•我今天写这封短信，一来因为你的离去萦绕我心，二来也想给你只字片语，让你在宁静的时间里时而思量。我不必告诉你，我爱你有多深，也不必说，与你分离让我多么惆怅。但是人生有聚有散，而这些痛苦是必须承受的。•愁肠百结•Itismycomfortandmysincereconvictionthatyouaregoingtotrythelifeforwhichyouarebestfitted.Ithinkitsfreedomandwildnessmoresuitedtoyouthananyexperimentinastudyorofficewouldeverhavebeen;andwithoutthattraining,youcouldhavefollowednoothersuitableoccupation.•你将去体验最适合你的生活，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。与书房或办公室的工作相比，我认为那种自由而又不羁的生活更适合你。少了那样的训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。•wildness•放荡不羁•不羁•无拘无束•1.Heflatteredher,sayinghowbeautifulhereyeswere.•2.Iwasflatteredtobeinvitedtowriteanarticleforthefamousmagazine.•他奉承她，说她的眼睛有多美丽。•获邀为那本著名的杂志写文章，我受宠若惊。•凡是能用白话表达的，尽量不要使用文言词语。（para2，p34）•方言词语的使用也要看原文的语言特色。慎用文言词和方言3.3变换用词1.通过替换同义词、近义表达法实现变化用词2.通过转译（词性转换）实现变化用词•Inthetimeofautumn,coldwindswhicharenotatallpleasantgenerallyblow.•在秋天，冷风一点也不会让人愉快。•在秋天的日子（秋日里），通常是寒风飒飒，一点也不令人喜悦（讨人喜欢）。•Butspringhasnoneofthesedrawbacks;•但是春天没有这些缺点•但是春天毫无这些缺憾•theflowersbloom,thewoodsandgrassesgrowluxuriantly.Theweatherismildandtheairisbalmy.•花儿盛开，树木草地茂盛地生长，天气温和，空气温馨。•百花儿盛开，草木茂盛（葱茏），气候温和，春风和煦。替换同义词Howtogrowold•Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabjectandignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit~soatleastitseemstome~istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.•Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.•有些老人因怕死而惶惶不安。•Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabjectandignoble.•但是对老年人来说，经历了人生的酸甜苦辣，自己能做到的事情都做到了，怕死就未免有些可鄙，有些不光彩了。转译（词性转换）•Shetriestocalmherdaughterwithafaintsmileandgentlecaressofherhair.•她淡淡地微笑着，温柔地爱抚着女儿的头发，让她平静下来。•SpeculationthatVladimirPutinmayhavehadcosmeticsurgeryhasresurfacedashepreparestoassum