Unit5《Nelson-Mandela-a-modern-hero》知识与要点课

话题1.Thequalitiesofagreatperson(伟人的品质)2．Thelivesofsomegreatpeople(一些伟人的生活)功能1.Askingforopinions(征求意见)2．Givingopinions(发表意见)语法TheAttributiveClause(Ⅱ)(where，when，why，prep.＋which/whom)定语从句(2)(由where，when，why，prep.＋which/whom引导)重点单词quality，mean，active，principle，mankind，lawyer，devote，found，fee，hopeful，willing，vote，attack，equal，escape，educate，beg，reward，sentence(vt.)，opinion重点短语loseheart，introuble，turnto，outofwork，asamatteroffact，blowup，cometopower，setup，besentencedto重点句型1....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.2．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.1．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于归纳拓展(1)devoteoneselftodevote...to...bedevotedto献身于……；致力于……；把……专用于……，完全用于其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词(2)devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的devotionn．关爱，关照；奉献Shedevotedherselftoherwork.她致力于她的工作。Mr.Zhangdevotedhislifetohelpingtheblind.张先生一生都致力于帮助盲人。Theyaredevotedtotheirchildren.他们深爱着自己的孩子。【链接训练】Nowadaysmanyschoolchildren________toomuchtime________playingcomputergames.A．spend；onB．devote；toC．take；toD．cost；in【解析】考查动词用法。表示“花费”时，take和cost不能用sb.作主语，排除C、D两项；spend的用法是sb.spendtimeindoingsth.或sb.spendtimeonsth.，所以A项中on应改为in；devote...to＋n./doing意为“把……用于……”，符合题意，故B项正确。【答案】B2．votevt.&vi.投票；选举；n.投票；选票；表决归纳拓展votefor赞成；投某人的票voteagainst投票反对votetodosth.投票表决做某事voteon/upon...对……投票表决votesth.through表决通过(提案等)80%ofstudentsvotefor/againstJim.80%的学生都投了吉姆的赞成票/反对票。We'llhavetovoteontheproblem.我们得对这一问题投票表决。Therewere400votesforMr.Black，and350against.400票支持布莱克先生，350票反对。【链接训练】①Theyshouldhavetheright________.A．voteB．voteforC．voteoutD．tovote【解析】havetherighttodosth.“有权利做某事”。votefor“赞成”，后应跟宾语；voteout“罢免”，也不能单独使用。【答案】D②Peopleinthecity________thelawyertobetheleaderofthecommittee，fortheythoughthecouldgiveacorrectorderofthecity.A．votedagainstB．votedonC．votedforD．votedwith【解析】考查vote的用法。votefor“投票赞成……”；voteagainst“投票反对……”；voteonsth.“投票表决……”；没有votewith这一结构。结合句意，只有C项合适。【答案】C3．attackv．进攻，攻击；开始，着手；(疾病)侵袭，侵害n．攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词)归纳拓展(1)launch/makeanattackon/against...＝attack...对……发动进攻；袭击，抨击……underattack遭到袭击/抨击airattack空袭asurpriseattack突然袭击aheartattack心脏病突发(2)attacksb.withsth.用……攻击某人attacksb.forsth.抨击某人某事(3)attackern．攻击者Atdawnthearmyattacked(madeanattackon)thetown.军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击。Thedoctorpredictedthatthediseasethatoftenattackschildrenwouldbeprevented.医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病。Theoldmansufferedaheartattackyesterday.这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。【链接训练】Afterhebecameconscious，heremembered________and________ontheheadwitharod.A．toattack；hitB．tobeattacked；tobehitC．attacking；behitD．havingbeenattacked；hit【解析】句意为：恢复意识后，他记得被袭击了并且头上被挨了一棍。remembertodosth.“记住要做某事”；rememberdoingsth.“记着做了某事”。因为he与attack和hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故D项正确。【答案】D4．equalv.等于；抵得上adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物归纳拓展AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上Bbeequalto＋n．/doingsth.胜任某事/做某事bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比；无敌(1)AequalsB.AisequaltoB.A等于B。(2)equallyadv.同等程度地；均等equalityn．平等Threeplustwoequalsfive.＝Threeplustwoisequaltofive.3加2等于5。Iamnotequaltothejob.我不能胜任这份工作。Heequalsmeinstrengthbutnotinintelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。Menarebornequalandyoushouldn'tlookdownuponothers.人人生而平等，你不能轻视别人。Heisaplayerwithoutequal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。【链接训练】①Mr.Smithdoubtedwhetherhisdaughterwouldbe________tothejobatfirst，andsheprovedtobetherightperson.A．equalB．similarC．familiarD．content【解析】beequaltosth.“胜任某事”，符合题意。besimilarto“与……相似”，befamiliartosb.“为某人所熟知”。【答案】A②Everybodyhasa(n)________chance.Now，let'sseewhocandoitbest.A．sameB．equalC．wellD．alike【解析】句意为“每个人都有平等的机会”，而非“同一个”，故不用A。C项多指身体，不作定语，多作表语；D项作表语。【答案】B5．escapevt.逃避，逃脱，避免vi.逃脱，逃跑n．逃脱；出口归纳拓展(1)escapesth./doingsth.逃避某事/做某事escapefromsb./sth.逃脱，逃走；从……中逃出来escapeone'snotice没注意(2)makeone'sescape逃走anarrowescape九死一生Youareluckytoescapepunishment/beingpunished.你真走运，逃过了惩罚。Thedrivermanagedtoescapefromtheburningcar.这位司机终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。Thethiefmadehisescapebyjumpingacar.小偷跳上一辆汽车逃跑了。【链接训练】Hewasaluckydog，forhenarrowlyescaped________byacaryesterday.A．killedB．killingC．beingkilledD．fromkilling【解析】escape用作“逃跑，逃脱”之意时后接动名词或名词作宾语，根据语境可知此处应用被动语态。【答案】C6．rewardn．奖赏，报酬，酬劳vt.酬劳，奖赏，报答归纳拓展(1)asarewardforsth.作为对某事的报酬inreward作为回报(2)rewardsb.withsth.forsth.给某人……的酬劳来感谢其做了……rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因为(做)某事奖赏某人Hereceivedatitleasarewardforhisgreatcontributiontothenation.他因对国家的巨大贡献获得了一个头衔。Hegotnothinginrewardforhiskindness.他并没有因为善意而得到报酬。Hegavetheboyarewardof￡1forbringingbackthelostdog.＝Herewardedtheboywith￡1forbringingbackthelostdog.他给小男孩一英镑的赏金作为他带回走失的狗的酬劳。【链接训练】Hehelpedherandshe________himwithasmile.A．gaveB．broughtC．rewardedD．said【解析】句意为：他帮助了她，她回报给他一个微笑。考查动词用法。givesb.sth.，bringsb.sth.，saytosb.，排除A、B、D三项；只有rewardsb.withsth.结构正确，故选C项。【答案】C1．outofwork失业＝beoutofajob(表示状态)归纳拓展(1)beoutofwork—beinwork(反义词，表示状态)loseone'sjob—findajob(反义词，表示动作)(2)outoforder混乱，无秩序；有毛病outofdate过时outofdanger脱离危险outofpatience没有耐心outofone'sreach够不着outofcontrol失去控制outoftemper发脾气outofbreath气喘吁吁outofmind心不在焉Workhard，oryouwillbeoutofwork.好好干，不然你会失业的。Helosthisjoblastweekandhiswifehasbeenoutofworkfortwomonths.上周他失业了，他的妻子也已经失业两个月了。Outofsight,outofmind.[谚]眼不见，心不念。【链接训练】①Youcan'tfindhimintheoffice，forheis________worktoday.Maybeheisathome.A．offB．atC．outofD．in【解析】offwork“在休班”，习惯用法。【答案】A②You'llhavetousethestairs.I'mafraidtheliftisoutof________.A．orderB．workC．actionD．tou