英语合成词

合成词2.4.1合成名词1）合成名词数量最多，其中大多数由名词+名词构成：airconditioner空调机airraid空袭alarmclock闹钟armsrace军备竞赛assemblyline装配线baby-sitter看孩子的人bankaccount银行账户birthcontrol节制生育blooddonor献血者bloodpressure血压bookcase书柜bookmark书签braindrain人才流失burglaralarm防盗警报器busstop公共汽车站canopener开罐器carpark停车场contactlens隐形眼镜corporalpunishment体罚cottonwool药棉creditcard信用卡deathpenalty死刑estateagent地产经纪人fancydress(ball)化装舞会generationgap代沟greenhouseeffect温室效应healthcenter医疗中心heartattack心脏病发作heartfailure心力衰竭hirepurchase分期付款incometax所得税laborforce劳动力labormarket劳动市场letter-box信箱mailorder邮购定单mineralwater矿泉水mother-tongue母语nailvarnish指甲油newsbulletin新闻公报packageholiday一揽子度假计划penfriend笔友pocketmoney零用钱policestation警察分局postoffice邮局signlanguage手语sodawater苏打水，汽水soundbarrier音障tabletennis乒乓球teabag袋泡茶tea-table茶几telephonenumber电话号码toiletpaper卫生纸unemploymentbenefit失业救济金welfarestate福利国家X-rayX光youthhostel青年旅舍2）也有不少合成名词由形容词+名词组成：centralbank中央银行civilrights公民权力compactdisc激光唱盘currentaffairs时事drycleaning干洗fastfood快餐first-aid急救Frenchfries炸薯条generalknowledge人所共知的事generalpublic公众highereducation高等教育highheels高跟（鞋）highjump跳高highschool中学humanbeing人humanrights人权industrialrelations劳资关系modernlanguages现代语言musicalinstrument乐器naturalhistory自然历史naturalresources自然资源nervousbreakdown神经失常oldage老年oldhand老手openair露天openletter公开信personalcomputer个人电脑polarbear白熊，北极熊publicsector公营部门remotecontrol遥控socialsecurity社会保险socialservices社会服务（事业）socialstudies社会研究socialwork(er)社会工作（者）solarsystem太阳系stainlesssteel不锈钢vocalcord声带yellowpages（电话簿）黄页部分3）有些合成词由动词的-ing形式和另一词构成，如：a.diningroom餐厅drawingpin图钉drivinglicense驾驶执照fryingpan煎锅sleepingbag睡袋parkingmeter停车计时器swimmingpool游泳池washingmachine洗衣机washingpowder洗衣粉writingpaper信纸b.air-conditioning空调centralheating集中供暖dataprocessing数据处理familyplanning计划生育foodpoisoning食物中毒sighting-seeing观光weightlifting举重window-shopping逛商店windsurfing风帆冲浪zebracrossing斑马线（人行横道）4）还有些合成名词以其他方式或三个词构成：by-product副产品comrade-in-arms战友cover-up掩盖事实fork-lifttruck叉车looker-on旁观者open-parent-family单亲家庭air-trafficcontrol空中交通管理do-it-yourself自己动手（手册）women’smovement妇女运动turnover营业额hocus-pocus愚弄手法jibbery-pockery骗局show-off爱卖弄的人passer-by路旁经过的人birdofprey猛禽bride-to-be准新郎bring-and-buysale慈善性义卖merry-go-round旋转木马pickpocket扒手break-water防波堤take-off起飞go-between中间人breakthrough突破get-together联欢会downfall垮台outbreak爆发well-being福利back-seatdriver指手画脚瞎指挥者good-for-nothing不中用的人touch-me-not凤仙花commander-in-chief总司令editor-in-chief总编2.4.2合成形容词1）合成形容词很多由过去分词或带-ed词尾的词构成，如：absent-minded心不在焉的air-conditioned有空调的bow-legged弓形腿的breast-fed吃人奶长大的broken-hearted心碎的clean-shaved胡子刮得很干净clear-cut明确的cold-blooded冷血的deep-seated牢固的double-barreled双筒的（猎枪）double-breasted双排扣的duty-bound义不容辞的far-fetched牵强的full-blown盛开的full-grown已经长成的gilt-edged金边的good-tempered脾气好的grey-haired头发灰白的hand-picked精选的high-heeled高跟的home-made家里制作的ill-advised不明智的kind-hearted心肠好的left-handed惯用左手的light-hearted心情轻松的long-lost长期丢失的low-paid工资低的mass-produced成批生产的middle-aged中年的muddle-headed糊里糊涂的narrow-minded心胸狭窄的new-born新生的old-fashioned老式的old-sided片面的panic-stricken惊慌失措的ready-made现成的remote-controlled遥控的right-angled直角的short-handed人手短缺的short-lived短命的short-sighted近视的，眼光短浅的short-tempered急躁的silver-plated镀银的so-called所谓的2）也有不少合成形容词由动词的-ing形式和另一词构成：close-fitting紧身的easy-going好说话的epoch-making划时代的face-saying护面子的far-reaching深远的（影响）good-looking漂亮的hard-wearing耐磨的hard-working勤劳的labor-saving节省劳动力的long-lasting耐用的long-standing由来已久的long-suffering长期受苦的man-eating吃人的mouth-watering令人垂涎的never-ending没完没了的off-putting令人不快的record-breaking创纪录的smooth-running运转平稳的smooth-talking花言巧语的well-meaning好心好意的3）还有一些合成形容词由“形容词+名词”（a）或“名词等+形容词”（b）构成：a.deep-sea深海的first-class头等的front-page头版的full-length全身大小的full-scale全力（进攻）last-minute最后一分钟的late-night深夜的long-distance长途（电话）long-range远程的loose-leaf活页的one-way单向（通行）的part-time部分时间的present-day当今的second-hand二手的second-rate二流的top-secret绝密的b.all-mighty万能的brand-new全新的bullet-proof防弹的duty-free免税的ice-cold冰冷的interest-free免利息的knee-deep水深及膝的lead-free无铅的nuclear-free无核（区）top-heavy头重脚轻的trouble-free没有麻烦的world-famous世界著名的4）还有一些其他形式的合成形容词，特别是一些包含副词的合成词：a.动词+副词：broken-down破旧不堪的built-in嵌在墙内的（橱柜）built-up盖满房子的（地区）cast-off扔掉的drive-in开车进去的（电影院）laid-back冷静放松run-down年久失修的see-through透明的b.副词+名词：off-budget预算外的off-campus校园外的off-guard失去警惕的off-hand不经准备的off-hour休息时间off-peak非高峰时期out-door户外的up-hill上山的c.其他形式的：all-out全力以赴的all-round全面的ever-victorious常胜的face-to-face面对面的out-and-out彻头彻尾的ten-minute十分钟的third-floor三层楼上的three-hour三小时的two-year-old两岁大的well-off富裕的2.4.3合成动词及合成副词1）合成动词主要有下面几类：a.名词+动词：baby-sit看孩子eavesdrop偷听ghost-write为别人代写proof-read校队sleep-walk梦游spoon-feed用勺喂，灌输tape-record用磁带录下来water-ski滑水b.副词+动词：overcharge超额收费overeat吃得太多overhear听见（别人说话）overthrow推翻undergo经历underwrite承担，同意保证uphold维护uplift提起，振奋c.形容词或副词+动词：back-pedal往后退缩backtrack往回走black-list列入黑名单cross-examine盘问ill-treat虐待short-change少找钱short-circuit发生短路white-wash粉刷d.其他形式的合成动词：blow-dry吹干court-martial军法审判deep-fry炸dillydally浪费时间pooh-pooh认为愚蠢可笑spin-dry甩干stir-fry翻炒title-tattle闲聊2）合成副词为数不多，大多用作状语：Shealmostdidallthissingle-handed.这一切几乎是她单枪匹马干的。Hereturnedhomeempty-handed.他毫无所获地回家了。Theyranhelter-skelterdowntheroad.他们沿着公路慌乱地逃走了。Fileswerescatteredhiggledy-piggledyabouttheoffice.文件档案杂乱地散落在办公室里。[注]在构成合成词时，是否加连字号，是一个麻烦问题，