12月大学英语四级考试常用语法精选(19)

在线学英语体验请申请：洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌从句I定语从句1.先行词为all,anything,something,nothing,everything,much,little,none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.Pleasetellmeeverything(that)youknowaboutthematter.That’sall(that)wecandoatthemoment.2.as引出的限制性定语从句在such…as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.I’veneverseensuchatalentedyoungmanasheis.Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).3.as引出的非限制性定语从句as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.Ilivealongwayfromwork,asyouknow.Shedidnot,asherfriendhadfeared,breakdown.Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.4.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，在线学英语体验请申请：从而构成分隔式定语从句。Thedaysaregonewhenpowerpoliticsworked.AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouFrench.5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.ThefourtravelerswithwhomIsharedtheroomwerepleasantpeople.6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略,一般有以下几种情况:1)关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。Thisissomething(that)youmustalwayskeepinmind.Theman(whom)youjustmetisourmanager.关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。Thisistheroom(which)Churchillwasbornin.ThisistheroominwhichChurchillwasborn.(which不可省略)2)关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there…be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。Thisistheonlybook(that)thereisonthissubject.Theoldprofessormadefulluseofthetime(that)therewaslefttohimtocontinuehisresearch.3)在way后面的定语从句中inwhich或that通常省略。That’stheway(that/inwhich)Ilookatit.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.在线学英语体验请申请：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry,whichisknowntoallofus.2)由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。Hesentheraletter,inwhichhesaidthathewassorryforwhathehaddonetoher.Hefailedtopasstheexam,becauseofwhichhisparentsscoldedhim.4)由“数词、代词或名词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。Hehadthreesons,oneofwhomwasmyson’sclassmate.Thereareabouttwentystudentsinthiscourse,mostofwhomarefreshmen.Theyaretwodifferentwords,thespellingsofwhichareeasilyconfused.Ⅱ状语从句1.状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。1)时间状语从句时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when,whenever,as,while,since,until,till,before,after,assoonas,once,hardly(scarcely)…when,nosooner…than。Iwilldiscussthematterwithyouwhenwemeettomorrow.Hedidn’tgotosleepuntilhefinisheddoinghishomework.Youhavechangedalotsincewemetlasttime.时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(themoment,theinstant,every在线学英语体验请申请：等)和副词(instantly,directly等)引导：IwilltellyouthenewstheinstantIknow.Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.Note:①before除了可表示“在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。(“not…before”可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Theyhadnotbeenmarriedamonthbeforetheyquarreled.②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/wereaboutto,was/wereonthepointof”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。IwaswalkingonthestreetwhenIranintomyoldfriendJohn.Shehadjustfallenasleepwhenthetelephonerang.Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.2)条件状语从句条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if,unless,providing/provided(that),suppose/supposing(that),oncondition(that),as/solongas,incase等。Solongasyouworkhard,youwillsurelyachievegoodresultsinexaminations.IshallreturnnextThursdayunlesssomethingunexpectedhappens.Iwillgoprovidedthatyougowithme.PleasegivethislettertoJohnincasehecomes.3)让步状语从句让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though,although,evenif,eventhough,whatever,however,whoever,wherever,nomatterhow/what/where/when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。在线学英语体验请申请：(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。WhileIadmitIdidit,Ididn’tintendto.WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(2)短语“evennow/then/so”相当于“thoughitis/wastrue”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。Thefirewasout,butevenso,thesmellofsmokewasstrong.I’vetriedmybest,butevennow/thensheisnotsatisfied.(3)as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。Childashewas,hecouldspeakfourlanguages.Hardasshetried,shefailedtogetthejob.4)比较状语从句比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not)as…as,(not)thesameas,(not)such…as,notso…as,than,the+比较级…,the+比较级…等。Wehavehadalotmorerainfallthisyearthanwehadlastyear.ShecanspeakEnglishasfluentlyasherteacher(can).Ⅲ宾语从句1)及物动词后的宾语从句有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。Irememberthatwehavelearnedthiswordbefore.Idon’tunderstandwhatyouhavesaid.SheaskedtheteacherhowshecouldlearnEnglishwell.2)介词的宾语从句在线学英语体验请申请：:在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，inthat可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。Theevidenceisinvalidinthatitwasobtainedthroughillegalmeans.Aturtlediffersfromallotherreptilesinthatithasitsbodyencasedinaprotectiveshellofitsown.“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。。。。更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略请在网上申请报名”