unit-3-动名词做表语Grammar

人教课标版高一必修4Unit31.Lookatthereadingpassageagaintofindwordsandexpressionsthatmeanthesame.boreastonishmenthumourperformer/performancecontentmentfortuneVerbNounperformhumourastonishboreNounVerbcharmentertainmentcharmentertainbored,boringastonishinghumorousperformingcontented,contentfortunateAdverbAdjectivefortunatelycontentedlyhumorouslyastonishinglyboringlyAdjectiveAdverbcharmingentertainingcharminglyentertaininglyInthe1990s,Mr.BeanbecameastarusingmimetohighlightdifficultsocialsituationsmuchasCharlieChaplinhaddone.Hismethodofactingwastoappear_________,lookaroundandthendoexactlythewrongthing.Childrenparticularlywouldburstinto_______athisbehavior.Healwaysmanagedto_______thosethingsthatpeopleareuncertainlaughterpickout2.AnswerkeyforExercise2.afraidofdoingbecausetheydonotwanttoappearasocial______.Ononeoccasioninarestaurantheorderedasteaktartare.Whentheuncookedmeatarrivedhewas________byshamebecausehecouldnoteatit.He_______apieceofmeatandpretendedto____amouthfulbutinsteadputitintotheplantpotbesidehim.Heputotherpiecesintohispocket.failureovercomecutoffchew__________themealheseemedtoshowgreat__________inhisfood.Hewassuchan___________performerthatwhenhefinishedeatinghisdinner,thewaiterofferedhimthesamedishagainatonextra______!Throughoutenjoymentoutstandingcharge主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneRevisionTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.2.Smokingmaycausecancer.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。吸烟会致癌。-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法3.Walkingismysoleexercise.4.Talkingmendsnoholes.5.Isuggestbringingthemeetingtoanend.散步是我唯一的运动。（谚）空谈无济于事。我建议结束会议。6.Headmittedtakingthemoney.7.Icouldn’thelplaughing.8.Yourcoatneedsbrushing.他承认钱是他拿的。我禁不住笑了起来。你的大衣需要刷一下。一.作主语动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._____________________issomethingweshouldneverdo．2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_________________isveryimportantforme．PlayingtricksonothersLearningnewwords②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，worth等。如：1)It’sworthmakingtheeffort．这事值得去做。2)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_______________________withShylock．3)想再解释一次有好处吗?__________________________4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。_____________________________ItisuselesstryingtoargueIsitanygoodtryingtoexplain?Itispleasantworkingwithyou．③在therebe结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”如：1)Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．若要人不知，除非己莫为。2)这种事开不得玩笑。Hereis________aboutsuchmatter.3)无法知道他什么时候离开。Therewas__________whenhewouldleave.nojokingnoknowing常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Thereisnosenseindoing做……没有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干……无意义Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……无意义二.动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannothelp，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：1)我不能不去。Ican’tavoidgoing．2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Haveyouconsidered__________onespecialfriend?3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。Wemusttryto_____________thesamemistake．lookingforavoidrepeating4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Doyou___________________withmeaftersupper?5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People_________________________foolishman．这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，giveup，putoff，risk等。feellikehavingawalkcouldn’thelplaughingatthat②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A.在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B.在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C.在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：1)Irememberpostingtheletter．我记得我已把信寄了。2)I’llremembertoposttheletter．我会记着去寄信的。3)Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．__________________________________我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。4)Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．_____________________5)我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。_______________________6)我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。__________________________________不要忘了给你母亲写信。Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．D.在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如trytodo(设法)，trydoing(试试)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味着)。如：1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime．2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway．3)Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry．_________________4)Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours．____________________________我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。E.goondoing和goontodogoondoing继续做一直在做的事；goontodo接着做另一件事。如：1)请接着做这同一个练习。________________thesameexercise．2)请做另外一个练习。_______________theotherexercise．PleasegoondoingPleasegoontodoF.stopdoing与stoptodo:stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：1)我们停止了交谈。____________________________2)我们停了下来去谈话。____________________________Westoppedtalking．Westoppedtotalk．一、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料-ing形式作定语,宾语补足语和表语的用法drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacin