unit2-the-olympic-games-Learning-about-language

Unit2TheOlympicGamesLearningaboutlanguage1_________totakepartinasportsevent2_______toallowtoenter(acourseorsportscompetition)3________someonewhotakespartinasportscompetition4__________levelofabilitycompeteadmitathletestandard1Findthewordorexpression.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions5____________happeningeverytimewiththesameamountoftimeinbetween6_______totaketheplaceof7_______shortsentenceorphraseexpressingthebeliefsofapersonorgroupregularbasisreplacemotto8_____________dutytobeinchargeandgetintroubleifthingsgowrong9___________specialhallforphysicalexercise10_____________tojoininresponsibilitygymnasiumtakepartin2Choosethewordorphrasethatmeansalmostthesameasthewordinitalics.1Sherosetoherfeetinoneswiftmovement.A.shortB.quickC.immediateD.hurryB2.Nowadaysallcountriescantakepartiniftheirathletesreachthestandard.A.TodayB.ThesedaysC.InthefutureD.TomorrowB3.MysonwenttoseethenewstadiumsbeforetheOlympicGamesbegan.A.concerthallsB.sportshallsC.receptionbuildingsD.athletes’villageB4.LiYanwantedtotakepartintheOlympicGamesasavolunteer.A.someonewhooffershelpB.someonewhoofferstopayC.SomeonewhohelpswithoutpayD.someonewhoworkspart-timeC5.WhatdothefiveringsontheOlympicsflagstandfor?A.supportB.meanC.introduceD.looklikeBHelenawasagreat_______inthe5000-metrerunningrace.Shehadwonmanyprizesandwantedto________intheOlympicGames.Soshepractisedhardeverydayinordertobe_________asacompetitor.athletecompeteadmitted3Completethepassage.standardathleteadmitcompeteresponsibilityolivewreathhomelandItdidn’ttakeherlongtoreachthe_________forenteringtheOlympicGames.ThismadeHelenaeagertowinagoldmedalforherselfandher__________.Unfortunatelyduringthefinal,shewasinfrontinherracewhenhomelandstandardanothercompetitorpushedheronpurposesothatshefelldown.PoorHelenalostherchanceofamedalbuttheotherwomanhadtotake____________forbreakingtherules.ThejudgesfeltsorryforHelenaandgaveheraspecialprizeofan___________instead.responsibilityolivewreathAnswersforEx.2onPage13:RulesfortheOlympicGames1.Nobody_________________(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.2.Children___________________(notallow)tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors.Iftheydo,theywill________________(takeaway)fromthestadium.willbeallowedwillnotbeallowedbetakenaway3.Noanimals__________________(allow)inthestadium.4.Cheatingbyathleteswillnotbe____________(excuse).They______________(tell)toleave.5.Nosmokingwillbe_____________(allow).Ifyouarediscovered,you______________(ask)topaytendollars.willbeallowedwillbetoldallowedwillbeaskedexcusedGrammarPassiveVoiceTheGreatWall_________byChinesepeople.wasbuiltEnglish__________bythemostpeopleintheworld.isspoken《飘》Thebook___________byMargaretMitchell.GonewiththewindwaswrittenTheumbrella__________forkeepingofftherain.isusedThelight____________byThomasEdison.wasinventedTheOlympicGamesin2012:The2012OlympicGames____________inLondon.willbeheld被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如：HewasborninOctober,1989．TheStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P)被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的,去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语)+am/is/are(not)+过去分词Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactory(byhim)everyday.WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong(byus).Acomputerisusedinourclasseveryday.computer,use,class2.Theyboughttencomputerslastyear．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastyear.一般过去时：S+was/were(not)+过去分词Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruits(byhim)yesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriend(byhim)yesterday.bank,robyesterdayman-made