现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter2英语词汇的形态结构

现代英语词汇学概论复习资料1~71现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter2MorphologicalStructureofEnglishWords英语词汇的形态结构2.1Morphemes词素/语素/形位2.2ClassificationofMorphemes词素分类2.1.1TheDefinitionof“Morphemes”词素的概念Morpheme:Thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage，notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.smallest:notdivisibleintosmallerformsmeaningful:carrymeaning(lexicalandgrammatical)e.g.denationalizationdenationalization=de+nation+al+iz+ationAmorphemeisatwo-facetlanguageunit:soundandmeaningAmorphemeisnotidenticalwithasyllable，either，sincethelatterhasnothingtodowithmeaning.Allomorphs语素变体、词素变体:variousshapesorformsofamorphemedonotdifferinmeaningorfunctionconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsoundsEg.-sbook→books/-s/pig→pigs/-z/horse→horses/-iz/Eg.im-，in-，i-perfect,responsible,logical,flexibleperfect→imperfectresponsible→irresponsiblelogical→illogicalflexible→inflexibleEg.–tion，-sioninvent→inventiondescribe→descriptionjustify→justificationmodernize→modernizationexpand→expansiondecide→decisionomit→omission2.2ClassificationofMorphemes词素分类FreeMorphemesandBoundMorphemes自由词素与粘着词素Freemorpheme:onethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaningAfreemorphemeisaword.E.g.green,red,write,faithBoundmorpheme:cannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutteranceappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorboundE.g.receivere-ceiveQ：自由词素与粘着词素如何组词？E.g.green,greenhouse,greenness,disagreeable,receive,encyclopediagreen(free)green-house(free+free)green-ness(free+bound)dis-agree-able(bound+free+bound)现代英语词汇学概论复习资料1~72re-ceive(bound+bound)en-cyclo-pedia(bound+bound+bound)*Afreemorphemeisaword.RootsandAffixes词根与词缀Root词根:Thebasicunchangeablepartofaword,anditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.1.Freeroot(自由词根):Awordconsistofonefreeroot(oronemorpheme)isasimpleword.FreerootsprovidetheEnglishlanguagewithabasisfortheformationofnewwords.2.Boundroot（粘着词根）:rootsderivedfromforeignsources,esp.fromGreekandLatin,belongtotheclassofboundmorphemes,suchastianandcieveEg.1)work,workable,worker,worked,working(free)2)contain,detain,retaintain=tenere(L)=tohold(bound)3)conceive,deceive,receiveceive=capere(L)=totake(bound)4)revive,vitamin,vital,vivacious,vividvit,viv=life/tolive(bound)Vital:necessaryinordertostayalive-al:pertainingto=haveaconnectionwithvital=havingaconnectionwithlifeVivacious:adj.apprec.fulloflifeandhighspirits;lively-ous:fullofvivacous=fulloflife(energy)Vivid:producingsharpclearpicturesinthemind;lifelike-id:havingacertainqualityvivid=havingacertainqualityoflifeAffixes缀:acollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedwhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.1.Inflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀):servestoexpresssuchmeaningsasplurality,tense,andthecomparativeorsuperlativedegree.特点：1.nottoformanewwordwithnewlexicalmeaning2.havingonlyparticulargrammaticalmeaning3.onlytobeaffixedtowordsofthesameword-class(nottochangetheword-class)E.g.Pluralmarker:pens,oxen,feetGenitivecase:Jame’sVerbalendings:works,working,worked,bought,saidComparativeandsuperlativedegree:slower,slowest2.Derivationalaffixes（派生词缀）:tobeaddedtoanothermorphemetoderiveanewword特点：1.toderiveanewword2.havingaspecificlexicalmeaning(somealsoaffectivemeaning)3.sometobeattachedtowordsofdifferentwordclassesEg.Havingpejorativeorderogatorymeaning-ismmeans“doctrineorpointofview”==socialismPro-means“onthesideof”==pro-com-munistMini-carmean-nessModern-izeSocial-ismPro-communistDe-codeDe-valueWash-able现代英语词汇学概论复习资料1~73mis-mal-absorptionpseudo-democratichire-lingweak-lingchild-ish派生词缀分类（derivationalmorphemes）:Prefixesandsuffixes1)Bylinguisticorigin:NativeaffixesForeignaffixes2)Byproductivity:Productive/livingaffixesUnproductive/deadaffixesSummary2.MorphologicalStructureofEnglishWords英语词汇的形态2.1Morphemes词素1.TheDefinitionof“Morphemes”词素的概念2.Allomorphs词素变体2.2ClassificationofMorphemes词素分类1.FreeMorphemesandBoundMorphemes自由词素与粘着词素2.RootsandAffixes词根与词缀freerootandboundroot自由词根与粘着词根inflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes屈折词缀与派生词缀现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料4