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1被子植物检索表1.胚具2片子叶;叶片常具网状脉;花之部分每轮4或5基数;茎有皮层和髓的区别【次项之1见第14页】2.花瓣分离或缺【次项之2见第10页】。3.花无萼无花冠或有花萼,无花冠【次项之3见第4页】。4.乔木,似木贼类植物,茎有明显之节;具轮生的鳞片状叶……………一〇木麻黄科4.不似木贼类植物。5.雌花、雄花都成柔荑花序;或至少雄花成柔荑花序(或似柔荑花序),乔木或灌木。6.花萼不存在,或于雄花中存在。7.蒴果,含多粒种子……………………………………………………一四杨柳科7.坚果或核果,含1粒种子。8.叶为羽状复叶………………………………………………………一六胡桃科8.叶为单叶。9.核果,肉质;雄花无花萼………………………………………一五杨梅科9.小坚果;雄花有花萼……………………………………………一七桦木科6.花萼存在或于雄花中不存在。10.子房下位或半下位。11.叶为羽状复叶…………………………………………………一六胡桃科11.叶为单叶。12.坚果或小坚果一部分至全部被包在多少呈叶状或囊状的总苞内,或小坚果和鳞片合成球果状复花果(即果序)……………………………………………………一七桦木科12.坚果一部至全部被包在具鳞片或具刺得木质总苞内…一八山毛榉科10.子房上位。13.植物体具乳汁;子房1室;果实为聚花果………………………二〇桑科13.植物体无乳汁。14.雄蕊为单心皮所成;雄蕊的花丝在花蕾中向内屈曲……二一荨麻科14.雄蕊为2心皮所成;雄蕊的花丝在花蕾中直立。15.雌雄同株;乔木或灌木。16.子房2室;果为蒴果…………………………五七金缕梅科16.子房1室;果位坚果或核果………………………一九榆科15.雌雄异株的植物。17.草本植物或曹植藤本;叶为掌状分裂或掌状复叶…………………………………………………二〇桑科17.木本植物;单叶或羽状三出复叶;叶片全缘或具锯齿……………………………………………七二大戟科25·花两性或单性;但不能葇荑花序。18·花无花被。19·花大多数排列成密穗状花序。20·雌蕊由3~4近乎分离或结合的心皮所成,结合时,子房1室,有少数至多颗胚珠;草本·············································一一三白草科20·子房一室,有1颗胚珠;草本或木本。21·雌蕊由1~4心皮结合而成;胚珠直立···················一二胡椒科21·雌蕊由1心皮所成;胚珠悬垂·······················一三金粟兰科19·花不排列成穗状花序。22·乔木,稀灌木。23·雌蕊由4至多数分离心皮所成。24·叶互生;花常两性;果为翅果,有柄···············三九领春木科24·叶常对生,但在短枝上仅有1叶;花单性异株;果为蓇葖果·············································四〇连香树科23·雌蕊由2心皮结合而成;花单性异株。25·落叶乔木;枝叶折断具胶丝;小坚果周围被一卵状长椭圆形的薄革质翅所包围···········································五八杜仲科25·常绿乔木;枝叶无胶丝;核果·····················七三交让木科22·草本;花单性,雄花具1雄蕊,雌花具1雌蕊。26·陆生植物;具乳汁;雄花、雌花同于杯状体内,外观似一个两性花;子房3室;蒴果·····································七二大戟科26·水生或沼泽微小植物;无乳汁;雄花喝雌花并生在叶腋内;子房因假隔隔成4室;具4个分离小核果。······················七四水马齿科18·花有萼;有时具有由花瓣变形的密腺叶。27·子房和花萼分离,即子房上位【次项之27见第4页】。28·雌蕊由2至数个分离或近于分离的心皮所成。29·花丝分离。30·果为廋果,藏在萼筒内·····························六〇蔷薇科30·果不藏在萼筒内。31·浆果;花萼常呈花冠状。32·直立或蔓生木本;花单性或有两性花混生;羽状或掌状复叶·······································四二木通科32·草本;两性花;单叶······················三二商陆科31·开裂或不开裂的干果。33·花萼常显著,呈花冠状;蓇葖果或瘦果·········四一毛茛科33·花萼小形,不呈花冠状;蒴果,有5个角状突起·····························五五虎耳草科(扯根菜属)29·花丝结合成筒状;花单性,或有两性花混生;果为蓇葖果;乔木九一梧桐科28·雌蕊由1心皮组成,或由2至数个心皮结合而成。34·木木植物。35·子房一室。36·单叶。37·花药室瓣裂··································四八樟科37·花药室纵裂。338.雄蕊比萼片的倍数多;花两性·····························九八大风子科38.雄蕊与萼片同数,或为萼片的倍数;花通常两性,花萼结合成长筒,常呈花冠状。39.子房内有2颗胚珠;花萼的裂片线形向外反卷············二二山龙眼科39.子房内有1颗胚珠。40.枝、叶和花均有银白色或棕色的鳞毛;花萼筒或其下部宿存············································一零三胡颓子科40.枝、叶和花无上述鳞毛;花萼筒整个脱落·············一零二瑞香科36.羽状复叶;花单性,异株;核果··········七六漆树科(黄连木属)35.子房2至多宝。41.雄蕊和萼片同数,互生···························八六鼠李科41.雄蕊和萼片同数,对生或不同数。42.叶互生。43.单叶或为3小叶组成的复叶。44.果为蒴果,2室,成熟后2裂··············五七金缕梅科44.果为核果或为浆果状或为蒴果。45.胚珠具腹脊;果为蒴果,3至数宝;或为核果或浆果状······七二大戟科45.胚珠具背脊;果为核果··································七五黄杨科43.羽状复叶;果实为核果状·················八三无患子科42.叶对生。46.果为翅果。47.果分成2个分果,顶端各具长翅··············八一槭树科47.果为1小坚果,顶端具长翅·············一二八木犀科46.果为由3心皮结合而成的蒴果;叶常绿·············七五黄杨科34.草本或半灌木。48.肉质寄生植物;叶退化为鳞片状,无叶绿素;花单性··················二七蛇菰科48.非寄生植物。49.沉水草本植物;茎软弱;叶轮生,数回羽状细裂而呈丝状·········三八金鱼藻科49.陆生植物。50.子房1室。51.胚珠1颗。52.茎节上通常有鞘状托叶·····································二八蓼科52.茎节上无托叶所成的鞘。53.花萼有色彩,呈花冠状,它的全部或基部宿存。54.花萼呈筒状,显著,其基部残留,随果实发育;花下有总苞;叶对生··············································三一紫茉莉科54.花萼小,全部随果实发育;叶互生;茎缠绕上升·········三五落葵科53.花萼不呈花冠状。55.花柱自子房的一侧面基部生出。56.雄花的花萼裂片和雄蕊同为4数;叶互生················二零桑科(桑草属56.雄花的花萼2~3裂,雄花6至多数;叶对生········一一四假繁缕科55.花柱顶生或柱头顶生。57.果为瘦果;叶为单叶。458.胚珠直立;花柱1条……………………………………………二一荨麻科58.胚珠悬垂;花柱2条或2裂………………………………………二0桑科57.果为包果,如为瘦果,则叶为羽状复叶。59.花萼和雄蕊下位;无托业;单叶;胞果。60.花萼膜质,干燥,常有彩色;雄蕊基部常结合………………三0苋科60.花萼草质,绿色;雄蕊常分离…………………………………二九藜科59.花萼和雄蕊周位;具托叶,羽状复叶;瘦果…………………六0蔷薇科(地榆属)51.胚珠多颗;果为瘦果;萼片2,早落;叶片分裂……………………四九罂粟科(博落回属)50.子房2至多室。61.花两性。62.果为角果,由假隔膜隔成2室…………………………………五一十字花科62.果为蒴果。63.花萼分离;子房3室,叶对生或轮生………………………三三番杏科(粟米草属)63.花萼结合成筒状或钟状;子房2室;叶对生…………一0四千屈菜科61.花单性。64.通常为一年生草本或半灌木;果为蒴果。植物体具乳汁……七二大戟科64.常绿或半常绿半灌木;果为浆果状蒴果,如为蒴果则果上有3个角状突起………………………………………………………………七五黄杨科27.子房和花萼结合,即子房下位,或半下位。65.半寄生植物。66.草本或灌木,常生在其他植物的根土;果为坚果或核果……………二四檀香科66.灌木,常着生在其他木本植物的茎干上;果为浆果,有粘性……二五桑寄生科65.非寄生植物。67.木本;子房2室;花柱2条;蒴果木质,2裂……………………五七金缕梅科67.草本。68.果实不裂,顶部常有角状突起,叶多少肉质………………………三三番杏科68.果为蒴果。69.花萼呈花冠状,常3裂;子房4~6室;茎蔓生………………二六马兜铃科69.花萼非花冠状,5裂;子房1~2室;蒴果2裂;茎直立……五五虎耳草科3.花具花萼和花冠,或有两层以上的花被片。70.子房和花萼分离,即子房上位【次项之70见第9页】71.食虫植物;叶变为捕虫器,常具感光锐敏的毛;花两性……………五三茅膏菜科71.非食虫植物。72.雄蕊比15条,或比花瓣的倍数都多。73.雌蕊由2至多数分离或近于分离的心皮组成。74.水生草本植物。75.叶片盾形,全缘;萼片、花瓣各3片,或花瓣多数……三七睡莲科75.叶片非盾形,水面叶浅裂,水中叶羽状细裂;萼片、花瓣各5片…………………………………………………………………四一毛茛科574.陆生植物。76.雄蕊着生在花托或花盘上。77.萼片、花瓣常为3数,或为3的倍数,木本。78.萼片、花瓣明显轮状排列或逐渐移变而界限不甚分明,均为覆瓦状排列;胚乳无皱折……………………………………………………………………四五木兰科78.萼片3.花瓣6,均为镊合状排列;胚乳具甚明显的皱折…………四七番茄枝科77.萼片、花瓣通常为5数;草本或小灌木………………………………四一毛茛科76.雄蕊着生在花萼筒上;果为蓇葖果、瘦果或小核果,生于平坦或凸起的花托上,或藏于壶状的花托中,通常具托叶;木本或草本…………………………………六O蔷薇科73.雌蕊由1心皮所成,或由2至数个心皮结合而成。79.子房1室,稀可不完全3~5室。80.胚珠2颗;果为核果;木本………………………………………………六O蔷薇科80.胚珠多颗;侧膜胎座;草本或木本。81.叶片常有透明或黑色的小点;花丝常结合成数束;叶对生……………九四藤黄科81.叶片无透明或黑色小点。82.萼片2、早落;植物体含乳状汁或着色液;草本……………………四九罂粟科82.萼片或花萼的裂片不止2片83.叶互生。84.子房具子房柄;单叶或掌状复叶;具2侧膜胎座;蒴果…五O白花菜科84.子房无柄;单叶;具数个侧膜胎座;浆果或核果………九八大风子科83.叶常对生;萼片、花瓣回旋状排列……………………………九六半日花科79.子房2至多室。85.萼片镊合状排列。86.花药1室,花粉粒表面具刺,花丝结合成筒状;果实裂为数个分果…………………………………………………………………………九O锦葵科86.花药2室,花粉粒表面不具刺。87.花丝结合成筒状;蒴果,常混有不完全雄蕊……………………九一梧桐科87.花丝完全分离,
本文标题:被子植物检索表
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