美国电影发展史

AmericanMovies*HollywoodStudioEra*Americanfilmsofthe1920sHollywood'shistoryThenameofHollywoodhadalreadyexistentedlongbeforeitbecamesynonymous(代名词）tobeamoviepowerhouse.Infact,Hollywoodwasnotwhatitwasnotforasmalltroop(队伍)ofactorsthatventuredinto（进军）ituntilin1910.TheplacewasasmallvillagejustinthenorthofLosAneles.ThefirstmoviewasfilmedInOldCalifornia.Afterrumors（传闻)spreadoutthatCaliforniawassuchagreatplacetoshootmovies,directorsfromalloverAmericawhichbegantobringtheirprojectsoutwestintoHollywood.ThisishowtheAmericanMovieIndustrywasborn.Hollywood'sfilmcompany1*米高梅电影公司（MetroGoldenMayer,简称MGM）Thecompanywasofficiallyestablishedin1924,thecompany'snameisformedbythreefounder'slastname(Mitt-Goldwyn-Meyer),theChinesetranslationis米高梅.MGMhastakenoneofthemostclassicfilmsinfilmhistory,GonewiththeWind飘,createdaenduringclassicscreen007,createdimmortalcartoonTomandJerry猫和老鼠.FoundedtheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences,andlaunchedanAcademyAward(Oscar)2*派拉蒙影业公司（ParamountPicyures,Inc.)•Inthecreationofthefirstthirtyyears,thecompanywithanumberofstarsproducedhigh-qualitymoviesandtheaterchainsacrosstheUnitedStateswhichhasbeensittingonthethroneofHollywoodhegemony.ThiscompanyhasproducedTheGodfather教父SaturdayNightFever周末夜狂欢,IndianaJones夺宝奇兵andForrestGump阿甘正传thatwassopopularandcriticallyacclaimedmovies3*哥伦比亚三星电影集团公司(columbiatristarmotionpicturegroup)•ColumbiaTriStarMotionPictureGroup,isaSonyPicturesEntertainmentfilmsalescompany,whichisconsistedofSonyPictures(USA)Inc.andColumbiaTriStartwosubsidiariesofinternationalfilmdistributioncompany,andresponsibleforsalesintheUnitedStatesand67countriesandregionsworldwide,issueandpromotionofspemovieproducts.•哥伦比亚三星电影集团公司是索尼影视娱乐有限公司旗下的影片销售公司，由索尼影视（美国）有限公司和哥伦比亚三星国际电影发行公司两个子公司组成，负责在美国和全球67个国家和地区销售、发行和推广spe的电影产品。4*华纳兄弟影业公司（WarnerBros)•InApril,1923WarnerBroswascreatedbyHarryWarner哈里*华纳,AlbertWarner阿尔伯特*华纳,Sam山姆*华纳andJackWarner杰克*华纳.HeadquarteredisinNewYorkatthetime,thestudiowaslocatedinBurbanknearHollywood.Andfilmedin1927,thedistributionoffilmsinthehistoryofthefirstsoundfilmwasTheJazzSinger爵士歌手,soWarnerintheearly1930sintotheranksoftheeightmajorHollywoodfilmcompanies.5*环球影片公司（UniversalPicture）••TheBourneIdentity,谍影重重FastandFurious速度与激情.6*联美电影公司(UNITEDARTISTS)In1919UNITEDARTISTSwasfoundedbyfourrenowneddirectorsandactorsCharlieChaplin卓别林、,Fairbanks范朋克、,BikeFu毕克馥、,Griffith格里菲斯contributedtocreate,andgraduallydevelopedintooneoftheAmericanfilmproductionanddistributionoftheeightcompanies.7*二十世纪福克斯影片公司（Twentieth(20th)CenturyFoxFilmCorporation•TwentiethCentury-FoxFilmCorporation)isAmerica'sleadingfilmandtelevisionprogramdistributionandproductioncompany,oneisasubsidiaryofNewsCorp..HeadquartersislocatedinLosAngeles,California,BeverlyHills,westsideCenturyCity.8*迪士尼电影公司(TheWaltDisneyCompany)•WaltDisneyCompanyisasubsidiaryofDisney.Disney'sfullnameisTheWaltDisneyCompany,namedafterthefounderofWaltDisney,whichisheadquarteredintheUnitedStateslargemultinationalcompanies大型跨国公司.1930sand1940s,itstartedrelyingonMickeyMouse,1940s,whichinvolvedinthefieldoflive-actionfilmsandhasacquiredtheindependentfilmindustrygiantMiramax(巨头米拉麦克斯)andPixar3Danimationsupremacy(3D动画霸主皮克)斯andconsolidateitspositionasthetopfilmcompanies.Americanfilmsofthe1920s•Filmsweremadeinthe1920sthatreflectedthechangeofsocialandmoralstandars.somegenres(流派).suchascomedy,andwesternschangedlittle.cynicismandsensuality喜爱感官享受amongtheupperclassescharacterizedmanyofthe1920sfeatures,anddemocraticoptimismgavewaytorampantmaterialism(泛滥的拜金主义）•Duringthe1920s,movieattendancesoared.Bythemiddleofthedecade,50millionpeopleaweekwenttothemoviestheequiv-alentofhalfthenation'spopulation.InChicago,in1929,theater-shadenoughseatsforhalfthecity'spopulationtoattendamovi-eeachday.In1922,theincreasingpressureforcensorshipandwidelypublicizedscandalsledtheindustrytoadoptaself-regulatorycodeofdosanddon'ts.In1926,WarnerBrothersreleasedthefilmDonJuan--thefirstfilmwithasynchronizedfilmscorealongwithaprogramoftalkingshorts.ThepopularityofTheJazzSinger,whichwasreleasedin1927,erase-danydoubtsaboutthepopularappealofsound,andwi-thinayear,300theaterswerewiredforsound.Thearrivalofsoundproducedasharpupsurgeinmovieattendance,whichjumpedfrom50millionaweekinthemid20sto110millionin1929.Butitalsoproducedanumberoffundamentaltransformationsinthemoviesthemselves.AsRobertRayhasshown,soundmadethemoviesmoreAmerican.Theintroductionofsoundalsoencouragednewfilmgenres--likethemusical,thegangsterfilm,andcomediesthatreliedonwitratherthanslapstick.•thank•you•for•yourlistenning