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英汉翻译技巧的八项理论依据1.改变词类(conversion)Ignoranceoflawisadangerousthingforrunningabusiness.无视法律对做生意是一件危险的事。Theresidentsinthesmalltownallwelcometheexecutionofthekiller.小镇的居民对处死杀人犯莫不拍手称快。2.选词用字(diction)Beforetheycouldprotest,thedriversweretakenawaybythesoldiers.司机还没来得急申辩,就被士兵们带走了。Hedidnotdropoutofschooldespitehispoverty-strickenfamily.他没有因家境贫寒而辍学。3.语序调整(inversion)Hesaidnowordtohiswifeasshepassedwithaplate.他妻子递盘子时,他一言未发。Theuseoftheinspectionstampislimitedtothepersontowhomitisissued.检章仅限对持章人使用。4.省略(omission)WhatistheshortestpossiblewaytotheRailwayStation?去火车站哪条路最近?Stainlesssteelpossessesgoodhardnessandhighstrength.不锈钢强度高,韧性好。5.增词(amplification)Steelandironproductsareoftencoatedlesttheyshouldrust.钢铁产品的表面经常镀有一层涂料以防生锈。Theprosperitytodaysymbolizesoureffortsinthepast10years.今天的繁荣是经过过去十年的努力得来的。6.重复(repetition)Practicallyeveryriverhasanupper,amiddleandalowerpart.按惯列每条河有上游部分,中游部分和下游部分。Halftheprizemoneyhespent,andtherestwaslaidasideforrainydays.他把奖金的一半花了,剩下的一半留着以备不时之需。7.反译(negation)Suddenlyheheardssoundbehindhim,andrealizedthathewasnotaloneinthegarage.突然他听到背后有动静,意识到车库里还有别人。Shewon’tbuyanythinglessthanthebestthatherbudgetsallow.她买东西总超支。8.分译(division)Itwasarealchallengethatthosewhohadlearntfromusnowexcelledus.那些师从于我们的现在都超过了我们,这是个莫大的鞭策。Itwasanoldwoman,tallandshapelystill,thoughwitheredbytime,onwhomhiseyesfellwhenhestoppedandturned.他停下来,转过身,看到一个女的个子高高的,虽年事已高,但风韵犹存。断句IcometoChina/atanimportanttime.我到中国访问,恰逢一个重要的时刻。(笔:我是在一个重要的时刻来到中国的。)Theybuildthebridgeintwomonths.他们建这座桥,花了俩个月。(笔:他们花了两个月建成了这座桥。)Practice1.Itisneverthelessmanyyearssince/ourtwoworldsfirsttouched.但是很久以前我们两个世界就开始接触了。2.Thespeedofintegrationininternationaltrade/oflessdevelopedcountries/hasbeenslow.融入国际贸易的速度,就不发达国家而言,一直是缓慢的。3.Governmentshaveacrucialroletoplay/inpromotingsocialhumandevelopmentand/inprovidingthepoorwiththenecessary/workingskills.政府要发挥十分重要的作用,以促进社会的人力开发,并使穷人获得必要的劳动技能。4.Idon’tbelieve/thattheEuropeaneconomymustfollowtheUSintoadepression.我并不认为欧洲经济一定回步入美国后尘,进入一个萧条期。汉英口译中的变通1.以主语定谓语从原文的主语或谓语部分摘取某个词语作新的主语,并以此为根据重新确定谓语动词,组织句子,如:民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。A.Theeconomyandsocietyoftheethnicminorityareashavebeendevelopedcontinuously.B.Continuedeconomicandsocialdevelopmenthasbeenachieved/attainedintheminorityconcentratedareas.C.Theminorityconcentratedregionshavewitnessedcontinuedeconomicandsocialdevelopment.2.以谓语定主语有时汉语句子没有主语的,或者汉语的主语无法译为英语的主语,就需要在句子的其它部分找到一个词作主语,然后添加一个谓语动词,如:各民族之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。A.Wehaveestablishedanewtypeofrelationshipcharacterizedbyequality,solidarityandmutualassistancebetweendifferentethnicgroups.B.Anewtypeofrelationshipofequality,solidarityandmutualassistancebetweendifferentethnicgroupshasbeenestablished.中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家,留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。A.chinaproducedinitshistorymanyoutstandingphilosophers,thinkers,statesmen,strategists,scientists,writersandartistsandleftusnumerousvolumesofliterature.B.Manyoutstandingphilosophers,thinkers,statesmen,strategists,scientists,writersandartistswereproducedinChinesehistoryandnumerousvolumesofliteraturewereleftbehind.3.统一主语汉语的主语可以不断变换,而英语喜欢一通到底。近二十年的实践已充分证明,我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的,信念是坚定的,步骤是稳妥的,方式是渐进的,取得的成就就是巨大的。Thepracticeinrecenttwentyyearshaseloquentprovedthatthedirectedofourreformandopeningupisright,ourconvictionisfirm,ourstepsaresteady,ourapproachisgradualandourachievementsarehuge.Thepracticeinrecenttwentyyearshaseloquentlyprovedthatwearerightindirection,firminconviction,steadyinourstepsandgradualinourapproachwhencarryingoutthereformandopeningupandhaveachievedtremendoussuccesses.4.套用句型中国人民一向钦佩美国人民的求实精神和创造精神。TheChinesepeoplehavealwaysadmiredtheAmericanpeoplefortheirpragmaticattitudeandcreativespirit.中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。TheChineseeducational,scientificandculturalcommunitieshaveallalongmaintainedacademicexchangeswiththisuniversity.5.添加连接词,显化句子关系将有内在联系的句子、短语等用连词、从句、不定式、分词、介词等将内部的关系显化,如:我们应该相互尊重,相互学习,取长补短,共同进步。Weshouldrespectandlearnfromeachotheranddrawuponother’sstrongpointstooffsetone’sowndeficienciesforachievingcommonprogress.我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局,妥善解决分歧,不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。WeshouldtakeafirmholdoftheoverallinterestsofChina-U.S.relationsandsettleourdifferencesproperlysoastoreachthegoalofpromotingmutualunderstanding,broadeningcommonground,developingcooperationandbuildingafuturetogether.这里,我想就以下一些方面谈些看法,希望有助于诸位对中国的了解。Here,IwouldliketomakethefollowingobservationswhichIhopewillhelpyoutoknowChinabetter.有一部分美国人会批评他,说他背叛了他原来竞选的诺言,这会对他下一次的竞选造成不利。SomeAmericanswouldcriticizehim,sayingthathehasbetrayedhiselectionpromise,andthiswoulddoharmtohisnextelection.6.省略重复汉语中用词重复经常起到强调的作用,但是如果在英语中也重复同样的词,就显得罗嗦。为了推动中美关系的发展,中国需要进一步了解美国,美国也需要进一步了解中国。TopromotethedevelopmentofChina-U.S.relations,ChinaneedstoknowtheUnitedStatesbetterandviceversa/theotherwayround中国人民珍惜同各国人民的友谊与合作,也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的独立自主权利。TheChinesepeoplecherishitsfriendshipandcooperationwithotherpeoples,aswellastheirrighttoindependencetheyhavewonthroughprotractedstruggles.有力促进:积极支持:7.近义词合并汉语中有时出现并列的近义词,难以找到类似的英语近义词,这时可将近义词合并译出:既符合中国人民的根本利益,又有利于世界的和平、稳定、繁荣与进步。TheyservenotonlythefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeople,butalsoworldpeace,stability,prosperityandprogress.总之,今天中国所选择的社
本文标题:基本翻译技巧(2)
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