桥式起重机维护及保养

起重机日常维护与保养RoutineCareandMaintenanceofCrane（一）机构的润滑LubricationofMechanism起重机设备润滑情况的好坏直接影响起重机各机构的正常运转，同时与延长机件的寿命和促进安全生产有密切的关系。因此，使用和维修人员必须经常检查各润滑点的润滑情况，按时用油枪通过各润滑点的油杯加油。Thelubricationconditionofcraneequipmentdirectlyaffectsthenormaloperationofcranemechanismsandiscloselyrelatedtoextendingtheservicelifeofthemechanicsandpromotingsafetyinproduction.Therefore,theuseandmaintenancepersonnelmustcarryoutregularchecksonalllubricationpointsandfuelontimewithoilgunthroughoilcupsofthelubricationpoints.1．起重设备各润滑点的分布1.Distributionoflubricationpointsofhoistingequipment①吊钩滑轮轴；Hookpulleyspindle②固定滑轮轴（小车架上）；Fixedpulleyspindle(onthedollyframe)③钢丝绳；Steelrope④各减速器；Reducers⑤各齿轮联轴器；Gearcouplings⑥各轴承箱（包括车轮组、卷筒组）；Bearingboxes(includinggroupwheelandgroupreel)⑦电动机轴承；Motorbearing⑧制动器各节点和轴栓；Nodesandaxleboltsofbrake⑨电缆导电中滑车的轴承；Pulleybearingofelectriccable⑩抓斗各铰点的轴。Shaftsofgrabhingejoints2．润滑条件与润滑材料2.Lubricatingconditionandmaterials起重设备必须采用合适的润滑油脂，定期润滑和及时更换，润滑装置和各润滑点必须保持清洁。下表所列为各机构主要零部件润滑时间的一般规定和推荐用的润滑材料：Appropriatelubricantgreasemustbeusedforhoistingequipment,whichshouldberegularlylubricatedandtimelyreplaced;lubricationequipmentandthelubricationpointsmustbekeptclean.Thefollowingtableliststhegeneralregulationonlubricationintervaltimeofmajorcomponentsofvariousmechanismsandlubricatingmaterialsrecommendedtouse.序号No.易损零部件Wearingparts规则Regulation润滑条件Lubricatingcondition润滑材料Lubricatingmaterials1钢丝绳Steelrope一般15~30天一次，根据实际使用中的润滑情况决定Lubricatedonce15~30daysingeneral,①把润滑脂加热到80℃~100℃浸泡至饱和为宜②不加热涂沫①Heatlubricant①钢丝绳麻心脂(Q/SY1152-65)②涂合成石墨钙基脂(SYB1405-65)或其它钢丝绳润滑脂accordingtolubricationconditionintheactualusegreaseto80℃~100℃,soakedtosaturation②Linimentnotheated①Steelropehempcoregrease(Q/SY1152-65)②graphitecalciumbasegrease(SYB1405-65)orothersteelropelubricantgrease2减速器Reducers使用初期每季换一次，以后可根据油的清洁情况半年～一年换一次Replacedonceeveryquarterintheearlyuseperiodand6-12monthslateraccordingtothecleannessofoil夏季summer用HL30齿轮油(SYB1103-62)WithHL30gearoil(SYB1103-62)冬季（不低于-20℃）Winter(notlowerthan-20℃)用HL20齿轮油(SYB1103-62)WithHL20gearoil(SYB1103-62)3齿轮联轴器Gearcouplings每月一次Onceamonth①工作温度-20℃~60℃Servicetemperature-20℃~60℃②高于50℃Higherthan50℃③低于-20℃Lowerthan-20℃①可采用以任何元素为基体的润滑脂，但不能混合使用。冬季宜用1.2号，夏季宜用3.4号。Lubricantgreaseadoptinganyelementasthebasecanbeusedbutcannotbemixed.No.1.2ispreferredinwinterandNo.3.4insummer.②用工业锂基润滑脂(QSY1110-65)冬季用1号，夏季用2号。Industriallithiumbasegrease(QSY1110-65);No.1forwinterandNo.2forsummer③采用1、2号特种润滑脂(Q/SY1119-70)No.1andNo.2speciallubricantgrease(Q/SY1119-70)4滚动轴承Rollingbearing3~6个月一次Once3~6months5滑动轴承Slidingbearing酌情Casebycase6卷筒内齿盘Innerfluteddiscofreel每大修时加满Topupineveryheavymaintenance7电动机Motor年修或大修Annualoverhaulorheavymaintenance①一般电动机Generalmotor②H级绝缘和湿热地带H-gradeinsulationandhotandhumidzone①复合铝基润滑脂(Q/SY1105-66)Compoundaluminumbasegrease(Q/SY1105-66)②3号锂基润滑脂No.3lithiumbasegrease注：表中所列Q/SY系列系辽宁省营口市润滑油脂厂厂标代号；SYB系石油部部颁标准代号。Note:thelistedQ/SYseriesistheblemcodeofLubricatingOilandGreaseFactoryinYingkouCity,LiaoningProvince;SYBistheministerialstandardcodeofthePetroleumDepartment.（二）机构设备的维护和保养CareandMaintenanceofMechanicalEquipment1．钢丝绳1.Steelrope①．报废标准：按GB6067-85《起重机械安全规程》中有关规定执行。Discardstandard:accordingtotherelevantprovisionsinGB6067-85“HoistingMachinerySafetyRegulations”.钢丝绳使用的安全程度由下列项目判定（见2.5.1~2.5.10款）Thesecuritylevelofsteelropeisdeterminedbythefollowingitems（referto2.5.1~2.5.10）a、断丝的性质和数量；Natureandnumberoffilamentbreakageb、绳端断丝；Rope-endfilamentbreakagec、断丝的局部聚集；Partialaggregationoffilamentbreakaged、断丝的增加率；Increasingrateoffilamentbreakagee、绳股断裂；Strandbreakagef、由于绳芯损坏而引起的绳径减小；Reductionofropediametercausedbythedamageofropecoreg、弹性减小；Reductionofelasticityh、外部及内部磨损；Externalandinternalwearandteari、外部及内部腐蚀；Externalandinternalcorrosionj、变形；Deformationk、由于热或电弧造成的损坏。Damagescausedbyheatorelectricarc所有的均应考虑以上各项因素并遵循各自的标准。然而，钢丝绳的损坏往往是由各个因素综合积累造成的，这就应由主管主管判别并决定钢丝绳是报废还是继续使用。Alltheabovefactorsshouldbetakenintoaccountandfollowtheirrespectivestandard.However,thedamageofsteelropeisoftencausedbytheaccumulationofvariousfactors,whichrequiresthesuperintendenttojudgeanddecidetodiscardorcontinuetousetherope.在所有情况下，检验人员应弄清钢丝绳的损坏是否由机构上缺陷所造成，如果是这样，应建议在换新钢丝绳之前消除这缺陷。Inallcases,inspectorsshouldascertainwhethertheropedamageiscausedbymechanismdefects;ifso,itshouldberecommendedtoeliminatethedefectbeforereplacingtherope.2.5.1绳端断丝Rope-endfilamentbreakage当绳端或其附近出现断丝时，即使数量很少也表明该部位应力很高，可能是由于绳端安装不正确造成的，应查明损坏原因。如果绳长允许，应将断丝的部位切去重新合理安装。Whenfilamentbreakageoccursattheropeendornearby,evenifthereisonlyasmallnumber,italsoindicatesthatthestressofthatpartisveryhigh,whichmaybebecauseoftheincorrectinstallationofropeend;thecauseofdamageshouldbeidentified.Iftheropelengthallows,cutoutthesitewherefilamentbreakageoccursandconductareasonablere-installation.2.5.2断丝的局部聚集Partialaggregationoffilamentbreakage如果数年丝紧靠一直形成局部聚集，则钢丝绳应报废。如这种断丝聚集在小于6d的绳长范围内，或者集中在任一支绳股里，那么，即使断丝数比表列的数值少，钢丝绳也应予以报废。Ifforyearsthefilamentsgatherformingpartialaggregation,theropeshouldbescrapped.Ifthefilamentbreakageaggregateswithinthescopeofropelengthlessthan6d,orconcentratesinanyonestrand,evenifthenumberofbrokenwiresislessthanthevaluelistedinthetab