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..word版本直接引语与间接引语:直接引语和间接引语在句中都作宾语。一字不漏地引述别人的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语应注意以下问题:(1)间接引语的引述动词,除了常见的say,tell外,还有ask,add,admit,announce,argue,explain,insist,promise,repeat,reply,suggest,warn等表示说话的动词。这些动词后的宾语从句常用从属连词that引导,这种连词有时可以省略。但当引导词为who,what,which,when,where,how,why等词时,这些疑问代词和疑问副词便不能省略。引述动词大多数可以不变,但有的必须变化,如:“What’sthis?”criedDr.Sun.→Dr.Sunaskedinsurprisewhatthatwas。时态变化的情况如果主句为过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态,如下表所示:直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时e.g.Tinasaid,“Iusuallygetupatsix.”→Timsaidsheusuallygotupatsix.蒂娜说她通常六点起床。(一般现在时变为一般过去时)Martintoldme,“IrangAliceyesterday.”→MartintoldmethathehadrungAlicethedaybefore.马丁告诉我说他昨天已经给艾丽斯打电话了。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)Ninatoldme,“Lisaisstudyingabroad.”NinatoldmethatLisawasstudyingabroad.尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)Hayleysaidtome,“Iwillseeyouatthesameplacetomorrow.”→Hayleysaidtomethatshewouldseemeatthesameplacethenextday.海莉对我讲她第二天要在同一地点见我。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)..word版本Nellsaid,“Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem.”→Nellsaidthatshehadworkedoutthatproblem.内尔说她已经做出了那道题目。(现在完成时改为过去完成时)Bobtoldme,“IhadworkedhereforyearsbeforeImovedout.”→Bobtoldmethathehadworkedthereforyearsbeforehemovedout.鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才搬走。(过去完成时不变)(2)时态不需要变化的几种情况一般说来当直接引语转为间接引语,被转述的话依然有效或在当时、当地转述时,常常不改变时态。具体有以下几种情况。①直接引语有确定的过去时间时。e.g.Chloesaid,“Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”→Chloesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。②只着眼于转述事实,而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间时。e.g.Theboysaid,“Ifoundthedogjustattheedgeofthewood.”→Theboysaidthathefoundthedogjustattheedgeofthewood.男孩说他在森林边上发现了那条狗。③所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续,并对此点加以强调时。e.g.Thereportersaid,“Thewarisnowstillon.”→Thereportersaidthatthewarisnowstillon.记者说战争依然在继续。Charlietoldme,“Iamjusthelpingmydadonthefarmrightnow.”→Charlietoldmethatheisjusthelpinghisdadonthefarmrightnow.查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活。..word版本④所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等,并对此加以强调时。e.g.OurEnglishteachersaid,“AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.”→OurEnglishteachertoldUSthatallworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾学习不休息,聪明的孩子也变傻。3.指示代词的变化直接引语中的this在变为间接引语时应改为that,these改为those。e.g.Tobysaidtome,“ThisistheSchoolComputerCenter.”→TobysaidtomethatwastheSchoolComputerCenter.(this变为that)托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心。Kerrytoldme,“Thesephotosweretakentenyearsago.”→Kerrytoldmethatthosephotoshadbeentakentenyearsbefore.(these变为those)克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的。注意:在说话者的当时、当地转述时,this,that不用改变。—Norasaid,“I’lltakethisbook.”—WhatdidNorasayjustnow?—Shesaidshewilltakethisbook.4.时间状语的变化直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thisevening今晚thatevening那天晚上yesterday昨天thedaybefore前天yesterdaymorning昨天上午themorningbefore前天早晨lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前天晚上twodaysago两天前twodaysbefore两天前..word版本nextweek下周thenextweekthefollowingweek第二周tomorrow明天thenextdaythefollowingday第二天thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前thedayaftertomorrow后天intwodays’timetwodaysafter两天后e.g.Nellsaid,“I’mnowvisitingChina.”→NellsaidthatshewasthenvisitingChina.内尔说她当时正访问中国。(now变为then)Rebeccaaskedme,“Haveyougotanythingonthisevening?”→RebeccaaskedmewhetherIhadgotanythingonthatevening.丽贝卡问我那天晚上是否有事。(thisevening变为thatevening)Joannasaid,“ProfessorBlackisgoingtogivealectureonSARSnextweek.”→JoannasaidthatProfessorBlackwasgoingtogivealectureonSARSthenextweek.乔安娜说布莱克教授第二周要做一场有关非典的讲座。(nextweek变为thenextweek)特别提示在说话者的当时、当地转述时,所说的话在转述时还起作用,时间状语不变。e.g.—Jimmy,we’lltakeatriptoHawaiitomorrow.吉米,明天我们到夏威夷去旅行。—WhatdidDaddysayjustnow,Mummy?妈妈,爸爸说什么?—Hesaidwe’lltakeatriptoHawaiitomorrow...word版本他说明天我们去夏威夷旅行。5.地点状语的变化常见的地点状语变化是把here,变为there。另外overhere应变为overthere。e.g.Theboysaid,“ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.”→Theboysaidthatthatwasthefirsttimehehadbeenthere.这个男孩说那是他第一次到那个地方。(here变为there)Romantoldme,“Ijustputallthethingsoverhere.”→Romantoldmethathehadjustputallthethingsoverthere.罗曼告诉我他刚才把所有的东西都放在那边了。(overhere变为overthere)特别提示在说话者的当时、当地转述时,here,overhere不用改变。e.g.—Willyoucomehere,Jim?吉姆请到这边来,好吗?—WhatdoesRobertsay?罗伯特刚才说什么?—Heaskedifyouwillcomehere.他问你是否可以到这边来。6.方向性动词的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时,表示方向性的动词bring,come应变为take,go。e.g.Mysisteraskedme,“Couldyoubringthechairsupstairs?”→MysisteraskedmeifIcouldtakethechairsupstairs.我的姐姐问我能否把椅子拿到楼上去。(bring变为take)Helentoldme,“I’dpreferyoutocometothepartythisweekend.”→Helentoldmethatshewouldprefermetogotothepartythatweekend...word版本海伦告诉我她愿意让我那个周末去参加宴会。(come变为go)特别提示当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时,尽管远离双方,在间接引语中依然用bring,come。e.g.Lisasaidthatshe’dlikemetocometotheparty.丽莎说她愿意让我去参加宴会。(theparty为说话的中心)TerenceaskedmeifIcouldbringmyDVCameraonthetrip.特伦斯问我旅行时是否可以带着数码摄像机。(thetrip为说话的中心)(三)不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语人们在说话时常用四种不同的句式,即陈述句式、疑问句式、祈使句式和感叹句式,在转述这些不同的内容时应运用不同的句式。1.陈述句将直接引语中的陈述句转化为间接引语时变成由that引导的宾语从句,that可以省略。主句引述动词主要为say(说),tell(告诉),repeat(重复),answer(答道),reply(答道),explain(解释说),think(认为),believe(坚信),suggest(建议),advise(建议)等。e.g.Chadsaid,“I’mgoingtotakeupliteraturethisterm.”→Chadsaid(that)hewasgoingtotakeupliteraturethatterm.查德说他那个学期要选修文学。Perrytoldhisparents,“WhatIwantisnotmoney,butlovefromyou.”→Perrytoldhisparents(that)whathewantedwasnotmoneybutlovefromthem.佩里告诉他的父母说他想要的不是钱,而是来自父母的爱。Doctorsusuallyadvise,“Peopleshouldliveafreeandeasylife.”→Doctorsusuallyadvise(that)peopleshouldliveafreeandeasylife.医生经常建议人们应该过得轻松愉快。..word版本2.疑问句直接引语中的疑问句变为间接引
本文标题:直接引语与间接引语的用法
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