强调

强调强调（emphasis）就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。在书面英语中，一是通过加上某些强调词或通过某些强调句型来表示，二是通过改变句子的正常词序也就是倒装来表示的。1.强调句型“Itis/was…that/who/whom…当被强调部分为sb.，可用who/whom,也可用that，其它情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。例如:A）Tomdoestheexperimentinthefactoryeveryday.汤姆每天在工厂里做实验。B）ItisTomwho(that)doesexperimentinthefactoryeveryday.是汤姆每天在工厂里做实验。（强调主语）C）ItistheexperimentthatTomdoesinthefactoryeveryday.汤姆每天在工厂里做的是实验。（强调宾语）D）ItisinthefactorythatTomdoestheexperimenteveryday.汤姆每天是在工厂里做实验。（强调状语）E）ItiseverydaythatTomdoesexperimentinthefactory.汤姆是每天在工厂里做实验。（强调状语）2.强调句型对状语进行强调须注意1)强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when,where,why或how。Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.(强调地点状语)Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.(强调程度状语)ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.(强调方式状语)ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.(强调时间状语)ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.这一切是发生在星期一晚上。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgotoschool.他是因并而没来上学的。Itwasinadifferentwaythattheyplayedthegame.他们比赛的方式是不同的。Itwasnotuntil11o'clocklastnightthatmyfatherreturned.我父亲昨夜直到11点才回来。2)as，since和though等引导的原因、让步、结果等状语从句，不能用这种句型。例1对句：Ashehadnocar,hestayedathome.错句：Itwasashehadnocarthathestayedathome.因为没有车，他就呆在家里。例2对句：Althoughtheyarepoor,theyaregenerous.错句：Itisalthoughtheyarepoorthattheyaregenerous.虽然他们穷，但他们慷慨。3)对not...until...结构的强调，要用Itis/wasnotuntil...that...这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如：1.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.4).使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。例1)Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(强调句型)Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)例2)Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.(强调句型)Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)例3)Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.(强调句型)Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.(before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.(since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.5).强调含有定语从句的主、宾、状语时，要确定好强调标志that的位置。如：Wasitattheschoolwhichwasnamedafteraherothathespenthischildhood?Itwasintheshopwhichwasopenedlastmonththatheboughtthebook.Itwasthegirlwhosefatherworkedabroadthatlentmethebook.Wasitin1982whenyouwereincollegethatyougottoknowher?6)强调句型的疑问句型a.强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Wasit...that/who...?Isityouwhooftenhelptheoldwomanwithherhousework?WasitinherfiftiesthatMarybegantolearnRussian?WasitatatheatrethatAbrahamLincolnwasshot?b.强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/wasitthat...？注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。例1：Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？例2：Whyisitthathedoesn’tlikethebook?他为什么不喜欢这本书？例3：Whowasitthatinventedthetelephone?例4:Howwasitthattheymanagedtofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime?例5Wherewasitthatyoufoundthelostchild?比较：Wasitbyplanethatdidhecomeback?(×)Wasitbyplanethathecameback?(√)WhenwasitthattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?(√)WhenwasitthatdidtheSecondWorldWarbreakout?(×)7）“Itis+a+形容词+名词+that”表示无论怎样……都不……，是一种反语式的强调用法；这一句型的肯定形式一般表示否定意义，反之否定形式表示肯定意义。例1Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.智者千虑，必有一失。例2Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.无论怎样聪明的父亲，也不会完全了解自己的孩子。例3It’sanillwindthatblowsnobody（any）good．此失则彼得，没有使所有的人都受害的坏事。2.强调句型“whatis/was…”此句型可以强调主语，宾语和表语。例1Whatheisisagenius.要说他是个什么的话，他是个天才。例2WhatIwanttodonowistobeathim.现在我想做的是揍他。例3WhatIlikeisherstyle.我喜欢的是她的风格。3.强调词dodo（does，did）用于强调谓语动词的语气时，要符合以下条件：（1）句子是肯定句；（2）谓语动词为一般现在时或一般过去时；（3）谓语动词是单独的行为动词或单独的连系动词（be除外）。例1Thelittlegirldoeswanttoseehermother.这个女孩非常想见她的母亲。例2Idoliketoeatapples.我的确喜欢吃苹果。例3Dostayawhile.务请待会儿。例4Theydidstudyveryhardyesterday.4.其他强调词其他强调词如atall,very,just,ever,nothalf/nearly/possible，byallpossiblemeans,byallmeans,bynomeans,nothingbut，byfar,nomatterwh-等。例1Idon’tknowhimatall.我根本不知道他。（atall在否定句中含义为“根本不”）例2Doyouknowhimatall?你究竟知不知道他？（atall在疑问句中的含义为“究竟”）例3Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.凡是值得做的，就应该好好做。（肯定句中atall为“只要有一丝毫”）例4ThisistheverybookIwant.这正是我所要的书。例5Myveryownfaultistotrusthim.我真正的过错就是相信他。例6Whateverdoyouwant?你到底想要什么？(此处ever和疑问代词不能写在一起)例7Whoeverwillcome?究竟是谁来？例8Myhomeworkisnothalfdoneyet.我的家庭作业根本没有做。例9Wemusthelphimbyallpossiblemeans.我们一定尽一切可能帮助他。例11Heisnothingbutaliar.他不过是个骗子。例12Nomatterwhenyoucallonme，youarewelcome.不论你什么时候来，我都欢迎。Exercises:1.Itisthesepoisonousproducts__________cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.A、whoB、thatC、howD、what2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho__________forthespoiledchild.A、istoblameB、isgoingtoblameC、istobeblamedD、shouldblame3.Itwasforthisreason__________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A、whichB、whyC、thatD、how4.----Wherewasit_________theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?-----Infrontofthemarket.A、whenB、thatC、whichD、how5.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhome__________herappointmentwiththedoctor.A、didsherememberB、thatsherememberedC、whensherememberedD、hadsheremembered6.Itwasnotuntil1956__________liberated.A、thatthetownwasB、didthetownC、wasthetownD、thatwasthetown7.Itwasbecauseofbadweather_______thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A、soB、sothatC、whyD、that8.________shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasspecialist.A、ThatwasfromStephenB、