2010年高考英语精品语法辅导课件-形容词和副词

标题学校：教师：形容词副词形容词概念：Adjective:awordthatdescribesapersonorthing,forexample,big,redandclever形容词用来描述人或物的一类词。如，big,redandclever下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”：(im)possible,(un)necessary,(im)probable,(in)convenient等。如：Itisprobablethatitwillraintoday.Itisnecessaryforustomeet.Itisconvenienttoworkattheweekend.√√√√5.作状语：表示伴随状况、原因、结果等1.Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.2.Tiredandhungry,hecouldn’twalkanyfurther.3.Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.练习:Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,_______.(2008北京)A.hungryandtiredlyB.hungryandtiredC.hungrilyandtiredlyD.hungrilyandtiredB形容词作定语的位置多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(these,those,the,a(n))+数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。口诀:限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老,颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠最近的这些日子alltheselastfewdays一些美丽的小红花somebeautifullittleredflowers一堵高高的红砖墙ahighredbrickwall一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车abeautifulwhiteChinesemilitaryjeep(these,days,last,few,all)(beautiful,red,little,flowers,some)(high,a,wall,brick,red)(white,a,beautiful,Chinese,jeep,military)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小+颜色+出处，故选择B。B问题1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasacar.（04辽宁）A．largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC．whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词+大小+出处的顺序，A最符合答案。根据排列顺序：大小、形状+年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择AAA问题2:This_______girlisLind’scousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish问题3：Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况1.当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词，如:something,anything,nothing时。如：--Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?--No,nothingnew.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：Themancarriedabagfullofriceonhisback.Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.三、表语形容词有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well(healthy),sorry,unable,sure等。如:Theboywasstillasleep.Theoldmanwasaloneinthehouse.注:①上述形容词可以作补语。如：Wefoundthesnakestillalive.但afraid,alive,alone,awake等可以用作后置定语.如：Heisthegreatestpoetalive.Hecameoutlikeamanafraid.Tomwastheonlyboyawakeatthattime.Thepeople,thepeoplealone,arethemotiveforceinthemakingofworldhistory.**以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。非常孤单的verymuchalone熟睡的Fast/soundasleep十分清醒的wideawake很害怕的verymuchafraid非常害羞的greatlyashamed但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：thefastasleepboyasomewhatafraidsoldierthewideawakesoldiers英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同，常见的有：present（现在的/在场的），responsible（可依赖的/应负责的），concerned（忧心忡忡的/有关的）；proper(适当的/正经的，正式的），involved（复杂难懂的/相关的），absent（心不在焉的/缺席的）可依赖的人:应负责的人:现在的成员:在场的成员:心不在焉的学生:缺席的学生:忧心忡忡的老师们：（与、、、事情）有关的老师们:theresponsiblemanthemanresponsiblethepresentmembersthememberspresenttheabsentstudentsthestudentsabsenttheconcernedteacherstheteachersconcerned副词概念：Adverb:awordthataddsmoreinformationaboutplace,time,manner,causeordegreetoaverb,anadjective,aphrase，anotheradverborawholesentence.(副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、短语、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、方式、原因或程度等概念)√╳√√时间副词:now,then,today,地点副词:outside,upstairs,anywhere,up,方式副词:simply,quickly,happily,loudly,程度副词:very,quite,rather,extremely,频度副词：always,often,usually,seldom,疑问副词:when,where,why,how关系副词:when,where,why(引导定语从句)连接副词:when,where,why,how(引导名词性从句和副词性从句)其他:surely,certainly,really,however,perhaps,yes,no五、两种形式的副词close接近(指距离)—closely仔细地、密切地free免费—freely自由地、自如地deep深—deeply深刻地、深入地hard努力地—hardly几乎不wide宽阔—widely广泛地high高—highly高度地late晚、迟—lately近来near邻近—nearly几乎most最—mostly主要地、绝大多数地easy从容地—easily容易地说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。如：early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm,deep,wide,high,late等。六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评述性状语。如：Fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbytheman.Happilyforher,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.Luckily,hewasnothurtintheaccident.程度副词fairly/rather/quite/pretty/very/much的使用总结1.fairly修饰表示褒义的形容词或副词原级Heisfairlyhonest.2.rather用以修饰一些形容词(常表示贬义)、副词的原级、比较级；rather还可以跟too连用Thebookisrathertooexpensive.3.quite修饰v,和a,ad原级，比较级和最高级Iquiteagreewithyou.You’requiteright.4.much修饰v,和a,ad的比较级、最高级Ifeelmuchbetternow.5.pretty/very修饰a,ad，不修饰动词It’spretty/verygood.Iverylikeit.(X)Imuchlikeit.(√)Iquitelikeit.(√)enough作副词的用法1)用来修饰形、副词时，放在所修饰词的后面oldenoughStrangelyenough,somescientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.2)与cannot/cannever连用，表示“再、、、也不过份”Icannotthankyoutoomuch.=enoughYoucanneverbecarefulenoughinthestreet.(toocareful)1．用as…as…,not…as/so…as…,thesameas…such…as…引导。亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter(is).=HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is).=HenryissuchagoodworkerasPeter(is).亨利的书不如我的多。Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.他和他父亲有同样的名字。Hisnameisthesameashisfather’s(name).人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.一、平级比较2．as+形容词+as数量词=数量词+形容词。如：Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=Thebuildingis100meterstall.3．倍数的表达法：1)倍数+比较级+thanThisroomis3timesbiggerthanthatone.2)倍数+as+adj.原级+asThisroomis4timesasbigasthatone.3)the+n.+ofn.为:length,size,weight,width,height,age,number等Thisroomis4timesth