GRE写作Issue 翻译加提纲new

11、Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning.Althoughwecanlearnknowledgefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshare,theknowledgeislimited,sincethesphereofknowledgeofthepeoplewhosharethesameopinionareconfinedtosamelevelofcognitionwithus.Itwillbequitedifferentifwecommunicatewithpeoplewhoseviewscontradicttoours.Admittedthat,itislittleharderorevenbittertoacceptoppositeviewsforusduetoourself-assertionisimpairedcausedbyother’schallenge.Thespeakerassertsthatpeopleusuallylearnmuchfromthosewhoseideasareinaccordwiththem,while,thediscordalwaysposesomenegativeeffectstowardslearningprocess.Iconcedeinsofarastheunduedisagreementmaycausestressandinhibitlearning.However,listeningtothecontroversialviewsofopponentsanddiscussingtheargumentswillprovidethecontroversialistwithmoreintelligentsparkingandabroaderspectrumofperspective.1、过分的分歧不好(Admittedly,undersomecircumstance,thecontradictingviewsmayimpedelearning.)2、不同意见能够拓宽人们的视野，让人们了解不同的文化和思想(Thoughthecontradictingviewshavecertainamountofadverseeffectstowardsthediscussions,whiletheadvantagesfaroutweighthem.Firstly,thecontradictingviewsmaygiveusachancetofocusourattentiontosomealternativeperspectivesthatwehaveneverconsideredbefore.)3、不同意见能够提高人们的认识并纠正错误(Secondly,abroadspectrumofopinionwhichisprovidedbythosecontradictingviewsenablesustoimproveourunderstanding.)[END:]Insum,everyiconhastwosides,ontheoneaspect;oneshouldlistencarefullytoandtoleratethosewhoholdcontradictingviews.Ontheotheraspect,oneshouldalsohavethecouragetodisagreeanddefendtherighttodisagree.Listeningtodifferentexplanationsofissueshelpusgetclosertothetruthandmoreeasiercometothebestjudgment.Thankstothediversityofthisworld,wenowenjoyamuchbroaderspectrumofopinionsthaneverbefore.1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。①与意见相同的人效率高。大家基本观点一致，气氛比较和谐，还可能是受的教育相同。如：有时遇到一个问题，会倾向于和自己有相同观点的人讨论，和其他人根本谈不来。②承认有时与意见相背的人讨论时降低效率的。A有时根本立场就不一样，根本无法达成一致。B有时纯粹就是争论而忘了初始的目的。③和意见相背的人在一起还有可能难以提高A一方面可能压力较大而不说出意见B可能难以接受自己的意见被驳斥islittleharderorevenbittertoacceptoppositeviews2④但是也能从意见相背的人那里学到很多。和同样的人在一起，有相同的思考方法和论点，无法获得进步。而意见相背的人，可以A提供新的思路如：不同学科的学生可能倾向于使用不同的分析方法B给出我们所不了解的实证经验，如：文化传统或立场不同而对一件事情有着不同的看法。Zhuangtzu,Huishi/ConfuciusvsLaotze通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。Admittedly,undersomecircumstancesdisagreementwithotherscanbecounterproductivetolearning.Disagreementcanalsoinhibitlearningwhentwoopponentsdisagreeonfundamentalassumptionsneededformeaningfuldiscourseanddebate.However,itisthroughdebatethathumanknowledgeadvanceswhetheratthepersonal,communityorgloballevel.2、Competitionisultimatelymorebeneficialthandetrimentaltosociety.Throughcompeting,theonewhoismosteligibleisputontherightplace,andthenwillproducemuchmorevaluesthanthosewhoarenotcompetentasheorshe.While,ontheotherhand,ifacompetitionisfraughtwithadulterationandillegality,itwillbringdeteriorationtothesocietyratherthanprogress.Acaseinpointisrelatedtomarketeconomics.Ascompetitionalmostoccursalltheareasofthesociety,andbecomesmoreandmorepopularandcrucial,peoplenaturallyfocusonitanddiscusswhetheritbringsmorebenefitsordetrimentstosociety.Byscrutinizingmanyaspectsofthisproblem,Imainlybolsterthatcompetitionsareindispensablethatareeverywhereandmakesocietyprogresseveryminutesaslongasnottobeinvolvedinsomenegativesituations.1、Firstlyandbasically,competitionistheessentialdrivingpowertoindividuals.（奥运会世界记录Olympicrecord）2、Thewholesocietytakesadvantagesofcompetitions,onmatteramongindividuals,teams,corporations,groups,evencountries.(政治、科技、经济、文化)3、However,therearetwosidesforeverycoin.Toogreatadherencetotheresultofcompetitionwouldproducesomenegativeeffects.Ifcompetitorsconcentratemoreontheresultandwanttodefeatothersbyallmeans,theinferiorqualitiessuchasenvy,greedwilltaketheirmind.(竞争需要一个公平的环3境，否则就失去了意义，对社会有害)Insum,competitionisultimatelymorebeneficialthandetrimentaltosociety,aslongasitisconductedinahealthyway.①使得更有效率。A同事之间竞争B优胜劣汰②增加社会福利。如：竞选时，使得民众对于该选谁更清晰。③当竞争失控时，会有问题。如：超出法律和道德的界限④导致社会上人们普遍压力增大Generallyspeaking,competitioncontributestoprogressinsociety.1.Generallyspeaking,competitioncontributestoprogressinsociety.2.Indemocraticcountries,whenpartiesandcandidatescompeteforpower,thepublicbenefits.3.Admittedly,whencompetitiongetsoutofthecontrolofmoresandlaws,societywillsuffer.竞争对于社会的优点和缺点3.Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations.Whenweenjoythefruitsofindustrializationanddemocracy,weare,ontheotherside,confrontedwithsocialproblemsbroughtbyasanotherconsequenceofthisprocess.Firstly,immediate,existingsocialproblemsthatbaffledusdeeplyneedtoberesolvedasquicklyaspossiblesotorestoreasoundsocietyandconduceitshealthydevelopment.However,manypresentsocialproblemscannotberesolvedimmediatelyaswehoped.Furthermore,neglectinglong-termresearchesthatmayhelpfuturegenerations,overemphasizingtofocusonthepresentproblems,mayresultinincompleteresolutiontothesesocialproblems,whichcanmerelybeanexpedienceratherthanaresolution.与其花钱进行可能有助于