阅读理解复习专题四之主旨大意题的解题技巧

主旨大意题包括：主题类试题(mainidea，mainlyabout)和文章标题(title)类试题。第一类主题类试题一、常见的设问形式1．What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?2．Thepassageismainlyabout________．3．Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout___________.4．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?6．Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.7．Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis__________.8．Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________．二、解题方法弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，但有时也在文中，甚至没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。同时，各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4．表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。例1Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily，andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I'mnotgoingtosayluck，talent，andcircumstancesdon'tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence，andthat'sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10，000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretimethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.Q:Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A．Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D．Luck，talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.第二类标题类试题一、常见的设问形式1．Thebesttitleofthepassageis________．2．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?3．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．4．Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________．二、解题方法一个好的标题应具备三个特点：概括性强，准确而又简短；针对性强，标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目性强，新颖奇特，能引发读者的阅读欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三种方法：1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项。3.研究备选项本身：研究备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。例1Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere，meaninglesssocialcustomattimes，thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl，thewaitress，theteacher，andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway，it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere，itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.Q:Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HaveaNiceDay—ASocialCustomB．HaveaNiceDay—APleasantGestureC．HaveaNiceDay—AHeartwarmingGreetingD．HaveaNiceDay—APoliteEndingofaConversation例2．Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Watercycle.B．Watervapour.C．Howrainforms.D．Water，vapour，rain.例3．Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology，wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica，moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However，technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous，bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques，andhasextendedourlifespanvia(通过)medicaltechnology.Q:Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDefinitionofTechnologyB．ModernTechnologyC．TheApplicationofTechnologyD．TheDevelopmentofTechnology例4．Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Q:Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________．A．ANewDiscoveryB．ZincandHealthC．HowZincWorksD．AddZinctoYourFood