跨文化交际-第六章

大学英语跨文化交际Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunication黑龙江大学外语部Thosewhoknowdonottalk.Thosewhotalkdonotknow.Keepyourmouthclosed.Guardyoursenses.Temperyoursharpness.Simplifyyourproblems.Maskyourbrightness.BeatonewiththedustoftheEarth.Thisisprimalunion.HewhohasachievedthisstateIsunconcernedwithfriendsandenemies,Withgoodandharm,withhonoranddisgrace.Thisthereforeisthehigheststateofman.AnidiomThereislanguageinhereyes,hercheeks,herlip,nay,herfootspeaks.—ShakespeareLearningobjectives:Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationChapterOutlineChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationNonverbalInterculturalCommunicationSignificanceDefinition&FunctionsCategoriesOtherCategoriesRepeatingRegulatingContradictingComplementingParalanguageSilenceProxemicsChronemicsOculesicsHapticsKinesicsChromaticsAttirelead-incaseWhatIsWrongwiththeInteraction?Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationPleasereadCaseandthendiscussthequestionsinpairs.Nonverbalbehaviorisasignificantareaofcommunicationstudyforatleastthreereasons.Nonverbalbehavioraccountsformuchofthemeaningwegetfromconversations.Nonverbalbehaviorspontaneouslyreflectsthesubconsciousness.Wecannotavoidcommunicatingthroughnonverbalsignals.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationTextASignificanceofNonverbalCommunicationBesides,nonverbalbehaviorissignificantbecausenonverbalcommunicationcanbeopentomanyinterpretations.ThisgesturemeansOKintheU.Sandmanycultures,whileitmeanszeroinFrance,andmeansmoneyinJapan.DefinitionofNonverbalCommunicationTheFunctionsofNonverbalCommunicationChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationTextBDefinitionandFunctionsofNonverbalCommunicationDefinitionofNonverbalCommunicationThemessagessentwithoutusingwordsarecallednonverbalcommunication.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationTheFunctionsofNonverbalCommunicationa.RepeatingPeopleusenonverbalcommunicationtorepeat,clarify,andempasizetheirpointofview.Forexample,nodassayingyes.b.ComplementingNonverbalcommunicationcuescanaddtoorcomplementaverbalmessage.Forexample,scratchhead.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationc.SubstitutingNonverbalmessagesmaysubstituteverbalonesincertainsettings.Therearesituationsinwhichwordscannotbeused.Inaverynoisystreet,forexample,policeofficermightusehandgesturestoreplacespokenmessages.d.RegulatingNonverbalbehaviorscanhelpcontrolverbalinteractionsbyregulatingthem,suchasturn-takingsignals(handraised)inconversationse.ContradictingCertainnonverbalbehaviorscancontradictspokenwords.1.paralanguage(副语言)2.silence(沉默)Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationTextCParalanguageandSilence1.Paralanguagea.voicesetthecontextinwhichthespeakerisspeaking:thesituationgendermoodageperson’scultureb.voicequalitiesvolumepitchtemporhythmarticulationresonancenasalityaccentc.vocalization:characterizersqualifierssegregatesChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunication2.SilenceSilenceisaformofnonverbalcommunicationthatmaybeinterpretedinvariouswaysdependinguponthesituation,thedurationofthesilence,andtheculture.Theuseofsilenceincommunicationisalsoimportant.Silencecancommunicateagreement,apathy(冷漠),awe(敬畏),confusion,contemplation(沉思),disagreement,embarrassment,obligation,regret,repressedhostility,respect,sadness,thoughtfulness,oranynumberofmeanings.Case-analysis:AQuarrel1.chronemics(时间行为)2.proxemics[prɑ:k'si:mi:ks](空间行为)Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationTextDTimeandSpace1.ChronemicsThesenseoftimeMonochronicandpolychronicviewsoftimeChronemicsisthestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationa.Timeiscyclical(循环的)b.Timeislinear(线性的)Westernculturesthinktimeislinear—aflowfromthepasttothepresenttothefuture.Lifeonearthevolvedinresponsetothecyclesofdayandnightandtheebbandflowofthetides.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationThesenseoftimea.Monochronictimeb.PolychronictimePolychronictimemeansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.Monochronictimemeanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationMonochronicandpolychronicviewsoftimeActivity:Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunication2.proxemicsa.Fixedfeaturesofspaceb.Semifixedfeaturesofspacec.PersonalspaceProxemicsreferstothestudyofspatialrelations.Thestudyofproxemicsincludesthreeaspectsofspace:(a)fixedfeaturesofspace.(b)semifixedfeaturesofspace,and(c)personalspaceChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationa.FixedfeaturesofspaceArchitectureandspacingofbuildingsbelongtothisaspectofspace.Forexample,apersonintheUnitedStatescandriveonahighwayformilesandneverseeasignofpeopleordwellings.Therefore,hemaybeamazedattheclosenessofpeopleinChina.Interculturalcommunicatorsneedtorealizethatcultureshavealternativeapproachestospaceandwaysofusingit.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationb.SemifixedfeaturesofspaceSemifixedfeaturesofspacerefertospatialarrangementsofmovableobjectswithinaroom,suchasfurniturearrangementandseating.Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationChapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationFurn