英国概况讲义

I.1.TheEnglishParliamentwasformallydividedintotwoHousesin_B_.A.the13thcenturyB.the14thcenturyC.the17thcenturyD.16882.TheHouseofCommonshasbecomemoreimportantthantheHouseofLordssince_D_.A.1642B.1660C.1688D.18323.NowtheHouseofLordscanpreventabillfrompassingintolawfor_C_.A.threemonthsB.sixmonthsC.oneyearD.twoyears4.Amongthefollowingoneswhocannotvoteinparliamentaryelection?_D_.A.Girlsof18yearsold.B.Civilservants.C.Thejudges.D.Thehereditarypeers.5.Thegeneralelectionnormallytakesplaceevery_C_years.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six6.TheHighCourtofJusticeincludesthefollowingdivisionsexceptthe_B_.A.Queen’sBenchDivisionB.CriminalDivisionC.ChanceryDivisionD.FamilyDivision7.WhichoneinthefollowingisusuallydealtwithbytheChanceryDivision?_B_.A.Thecaseofmurder.B.Thecaseconcerningmortages.C.Thecaseoftort.D.Thecaseconcerningdivorce.8.Mostofthecivilcasesareactuallytriedby_B_.A.Magistrates’CourtsB.CountyCourtsC.HighCourtofJusticeD.CrownCourtⅡ.Fillintheblanks.1.TheBritishParliamentisthesupremelegislatureofthecountry.Itconsistsofthreeelements:themonarch,theHouseofLords,theHouseofCommons.TheofficialheadoftheParliamentistheQueen.2.TheLordsTemporalincludehereditarypeersandlifepeers.Thetitleofhereditarypeersarefiveranks.Theyare,inorderofrank,Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,andBaron.3.Since1963ahereditarypeercangiveuphisnobletitleduringhislifetime.Butthisdoesnotpreventthepeer’sheirfrominheritingthetitle.4.TheHouseofLordsisthehighestcourtinBritishhearingcivilandcriminalappealsfromthelowercourts.5.IfthegovernmentisdefeatedintheHouseofCommonsonanissue,thePrimeMinistereitherresignsorasksthemonarchtodisslovetheparliament.6.ThepresidingofficeroftheLowerHouseiscalledSpeaker,whiletheequivalentoftheUpperHouseistheLordChancellor.7.ThereisnocivilcodeandnocriminalcodeinEngland.Thelawasawholeconsistspartlyofstatutes,partlyofcommonlaw(basedonjudges’previousdecisionsandcustom),andpartlyofequity.8.Thetrialbeforethemagistratescanonlyoccurwhenaguiltypleaisentered;thereisthereforeneverajurytrialinamagistrate’scourt.题就选2，5，7.III.ChapterXIParliamentandJudicialSystem1.WhatistheprimaryfunctionofParliament?TheprimaryfunctionsofParliamentarethemakingoflaw,thecontrolofthepublicrevenue,andtheexaminationofgovernmentpolicyandpublicadministration.TheofficialheadoftheParliamentistheQueen.2.WhoarethemembersoftheHouseofLords?NowtheHouseofLords,ortheUpperHouse,hasover1000nonelectedmemberswhoareLordsSpiritualandLordsTemporal.TheLordsSpiritualincludethetwoarchbishopsoftheChurchofEngland,CanterburyandYork,and42diocesanbishops.Theireligibilitytositendsonretirement.TheLordsTemporalincludehereditarypeersandlifepeers.Thetitlesofhereditarypeersare5ranks.Theyareinorderofrank,Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,andBaron.PeopleholdingthesetitlesareeligibletositintheHouseofLords.3、Whataretheprocessesofpassingapublicbill?InbothHouses,apublicbillispresentedtotheHousebythememberinchargeofit.Thisintroductionofabillisusuallycalleditsfirstraeding.Then,itssecondreadingthebillisdebatedonitsmeritsbythewholeHouse,butexceptionallyinthecommonsbyspeciallyappointedsecond-readingcommittee.Nextcomestheconnitteestage,whenastandingcommitteeexaminesthebillindetailandmakesamendments.AndthenasubsequentreportstagewillbeheldbeforethewholeHouse.Thenthebillwillbethroughthethirdreading.AbillpassedbyoneHouseisthensenttotheotherHouse,togothroughsimilarstagesthere,andabillpassedbybothHousesissubmittedfinallyfortheroyalassent,andthenitbecomeslaw.4、Whydothecriminalconvictsliketobetriedfirstbymagistrates`courts?Themagistrates`jurisdictionincriminalmatterisnothoweverlimitedtopettyoffences.Inmanycases,moreover,itispossibleforthesuspectedpersontoopttobetriedbeforethemagistrates.Forthechargedpersontheadvantageisthat,sincethemagistrates`powersarelimited,hecannotbecondemnedtomorethanasixmonths`prisonsetence,whereasappearingbeforetheCrowncourtherunstheriskofincurringamuchmoreseverepenalty.题就选1，2