初中英语语法非谓语动词

初中英语非谓语动词知识点总结:非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），现在分词和动名词又统称为动词的-ing形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化.在中考中，对不定式和动名词的考查最多，尤其是疑问词+不定式，不定式作宾补，及只能用动词-ing形式作宾语的情况。考查形式通常为单选、句型转化、完成句子等。非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词基本形式及特点用法注意事项动词不定式（1）基本形式：to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）（2）特点：A.没有人称和数的变化B.可以有自己的宾语和状语动词不定式(3)用法：A、作主语，如Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外，动词take也常用于上述结构。B、作表语，如Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.动词不定式作宾语C、动词+todo(下面的11个动词必须准确记忆）动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail（失败）,hope,wish,want,plan，promise(发誓）,seem（似乎）,expect（期望）,happen（todo碰巧）Idon’tknowwhattodo.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.动词不定式D、作宾补动词+宾语+todo动词+宾语+doLiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg（乞求）,invite,warn（警告）,allow（允许）,encourage（鼓励）,advise（建议）等。(不带to的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice用于often的句中；使役动词have,make,let.E、作状语可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语（必须后置）动词不定式Ihavesomethingtosay.It’sthebestwaytohelphim.Marryopenedthedoorforhimtocomein(目的）.1、hadbetter后2、使让动词make,let,have用于主动语态时。3、感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice用在“经常”的主动语态时。4、please的后面5、Whynot/Whydon’tyou后6、情态动词之后。在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,如Ialwayssawherplaytheviolin.Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday.2、动词不定式的否定形式为：not+todoMr.Smithaskedtheboy___________(notplay)thiskindofgame.nottoplayPleasehavehim__________(notdo)somuchhousework.notdo在“Itis+形容词+ofsb+不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,clever,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,impolite,honest,naughty等。在“Itis+形容词+forsb+不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important,possible,impossible,difficult,hard等。比较ItisgoodofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.你真好，帮助我学英语。(强调you的特征=Youaregoodtohelpme.)Itisgoodforyoutogiveupsmoking.戒烟对你有好处。(强调的是giveupsmoking这一行为=Foryoutogiveupsmokingisgood.)Itis+形容词+for/ofsb+不定式结构基本形式及特征用法注意基本形式特点动词原形+ing具有名词、动词的一些特征。用法1、作主语Pickingapplesismuchbetterthanhavingclasses.2、作宾语（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss（错过）,finish,mind,keep,practice,enjoy,spend,suggest（建议）等。（2）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：意义区分不大：begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer（更喜欢）等。意义不同：remember,forget,stop,goon,try等3、作表语Hisfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.4、作定语finishingline（终点线）1、动名词的复合结构为：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词Doyoumind_________thewindow?a.metoopenb.Iopenc.myopeningd.mineopeningc2、动名词的习惯用语：a.It’snousedoingsth.b.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事。c.feellikedoingsth.d.bebusydoingsth.e.Nodoing•动名词和不定式的用法区别：无论做什么成分：动名词都表示“正在”或“一贯”不定式表示“一次”或“将要”基本形式：动词原形+ing基本形式：规则动词加ed或不规则动词的过去分词developingcountrydevelopedcountry现在分词用法及意义：1，表示正在进行2，表示伴随状态过去分词用法及意义：作定语：1，前置定语表示已经完成2，后置定语表示被动HidingfromtherainandsnowTryingtoforgetbutIwon’tletgoLookingatacrowdedstreetListeningtomyownheartbeatSomanypeopleallaroundtheworldTellmewheredoIfindsomeonelikeyougirlTakemetoyourhearttakemetoyoursoulGivemeyourhandbeforeI’moldShowmewhatloveis-haven’tgotaclueShowmethatwonderscanbetrueTheysaynothinglastsforeverWe’reonlyheretodayLoveisnoworneverBringmefarawayTakemetoyourhearttakemetoyoursoulGivemeyourhandandholdmeShowmewhatloveis-bemyguidingstarIt’seasytakemetoyourheartStandingonamountainhighLookingatthemoonthroughaclearblueskyIshouldgoandseesomefriendsButtheydon’treallycomprehendDon’tneedtoomuchtalkingwithoutsayinganythingAllIneedissomeonewhomakesmewannasing1.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.Don’tforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give6.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked9.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idon’tknownext.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.Rememberlateforclassagain.A.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue(跳队—夹塞）.A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,it’svery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC.togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.–Whatabouttothecinematonight?--That’sagoodidea.I’dlikewithyou.A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests（入学考试）.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets17.we’veworkedfortwohours.Let’sarest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.Wouldyoumindmeafavor（帮我一下）？A.doB.togoC.doingD.did19.MrWangaskedmehim.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.PleasetellJimnotlateagain.A.toB.beC.tobeD.beto23.Pleasedon’tforgettome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.A.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing25.It’saboutsixo’clock,Let’s___suppernow.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.We’dbetter___ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don