句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

-1-句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。画出下列句子的主语：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。画出下列句子的表语：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone?HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。画出下列句子的宾语：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.-2-宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongdong.（）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：画出下列句子中的定语，并判断什么作定语：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：画出下列句子中的状语：Lighttravelsmostquickly.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.Heisproudbecausehehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.判断下列划线部分属于什么成分做状语：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（）Iamtallerthanheis.（）-3-练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?16.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.[二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语/系动词（—）、宾语/表语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语[]、补语：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.-4-简单句、并列句和复合句比一比，看一看，判断下列三个句子哪个是简单句，哪个是并列句，哪个是复合句，为什么？1.Beijing,thecapitalofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thenation'spolitical,economic,cultural,educationalandinternationaltradeandcommunicationcenter,islocatedinnorthernChina,closetotheportcityofTianjin,myhometownandoneofmybest-likedplacesofall.(43words)2.Iloveherandshelovesmetoo.(8words)3.(Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar)HowIwonderwhatyouare.(6words)4.Ifyouareanadjective,Iamanadverb.Youmodifyot