语用学论文

华中师范大学本科生课程论文论文题目PragmaticAnalysisonPersonDeixisFromthePerspectiveofAnti-pre-emptiveinChineseandEnglish完成时间2013年6月10日课程名称《语用与交际》授课教师_______________________专业辅修第二学位英语专业年级2010英语双学位辅修成绩评卷人姓名学号1PragmaticAnalysisonPersonDeixisFromthePerspectiveofAnti-pre-emptiveinChineseandEnglishAbstract：Deixisisoneofthemostimportantissuesinpragmatics’research.Deixispossessesthecharacteristicofpre-emptiveusage,butthispre-emptiveusageislimitedconditional,andinsomespecialcontextandstylisticwilldisappear,thenanti-pre-emptiveappears.Therefore,thispaper,takingpersondeicticexpressionsasexample,attemptstomakeanin-depthprobeintoandanalysisoftheanti-preemptivephenomenoninChineseandEnglishandthepragmaticeffectsofanti-pre-emptiveofpersondeixis.Keyworlds：persondeixis;anti-pre-emptive摘要：指示现象是语用学研究的重要课题之一。指示词具有先用性的特点，但是这种先用作用是有条件限制的，在一些特殊的语境和语体中会随之消失，即出现反先用现象。本文主要以人称指示语为例，对英汉中的反先用现象以及人称反先用现象的语用效果做进一步的探讨和分析。关键词：人称指示语；反先用现象I.IntroductionInlinguistics,deixisreferstothephenomenonwhereinunderstandingthemeaningofcertainwordsandphrasesinanutterancerequirescontextualinformation.Wordsaredeicticiftheirsemanticmeaningisfixedbuttheirdenotationalmeaningvariesdependingontimeand/orplace.Wordsorphrasesthatrequirecontextualinformationtoconveyanymeaning–forexample,Englishpronouns–aredeictic.Deixisisatechnicaltermwhichmeans“pointing”vialanguage.Anylinguisticformusedtoaccomplishthis“pointing”iscalledadeicticexpression.Itisusedtoindicatethefunctionorpropertythatcertainwords,suchaspersonalanddemonstrativepronouns,placeandtimeadverbsandothershaveinlanguage.Duetodifferentaspectsofreferencebeingmadeandthefunctionstoserve,deixisisdividedintofivetypes.Theyareperson,time,place,discourse,andsocialdeixis.Levinsoncontendsthatdeixisgenerallywordsinanegocentricway.Thatis,unlessotherwisestated:Thecentralpersonisthespeaker,thecentraltimeisthetimeatwhichthespeakerproducestheutterance,thecentralplaceisthespeaker’slocationatutterancetimeorCT,thediscoursecenteristhepointwhichthespeakeriscurrentlyatinthe2productionofhisutterance,andthesocialcenteristhespeaker’ssocialstatusandrank,towhichthestatusorrankofaddresseesorreferentsisrelative.(Levinson1983:64).[1]Thedeicticreferenceandtheyareallegedtoconstituteastatementoftheimplicationsofdiscourseoftendependonthecontextandthespeaker'sbeliefsorintentions;therefore,thedeixis’researchisplayinganimportantroleinpragmatics.Thepre-emptiveusageofdeixisisputforwardbyLevinson(1983).Heconsideredthatwhatpre-emptivenatureofdeixisistimedeixisistakingprecedenceoverthecorrespondingphenomenonofdirectivewordsusage,buthedidnotdepthexplorethisphenomenon.Until1990s,ChinesescholarZhangQuantooknoteofthisphenomenonandcarriedoutdeepresearch.Heputsforwardtheanti-pre-emptive,whichisreferringtothatdirectivewordsaretakingprecedenceoverdeixiswordsusage.However,theirstudywaslimitedtothepre-emptiveandanti-pre-emptiveoftimedeixis,norasystematicexplanationofthisphenomenon.Thepaperwillanalysisonthephenomenonofanti-pre-emptiveonpersondeixis.[4]Therearemanyphenomenonsoftheanti-pre-emptivedeixis.Thispaperwillmainlyanalyseonthephenomenonofanti-pre-emptiveonpersondeixisfromperspectivesofthetheoryofanti-pre-emptive,thephenomenonofanti-pre-emptiveonpersondeixisandthepragmaticeffectsofanti-pre-emptiveofpersondeixis.IIThereticalFramework2.1PersondeixisPersondeixisconcernsitselfwiththegrammaticalpersonsinvolvedinanutterance,(1)thosedirectlyinvolved(e.g.thespeaker,theaddressee),(2)thosenotdirectlyinvolved(e.g.Over-hearers—thosewhoheartheutterancebutwhoarenotbeingdirectlyaddressed),and(3)thosementionedintheutterance.[4]InEnglish,thedistinctionsaregenerallyindicatedbypronouns.Thefollowingexamplesshowhow.(Thepersondeictictermsareinitalics,asignalingnotationthatwillcontinuethroughthisarticle.)Iamgoingtothemovies.Wouldyouliketohavedinner?Theytriedtohurtme,buthecametotherescue.2.2Pre-emptivephenomenonThepre-emptivephenomenonofdeixisreferstowhensomeonementionsperson,things,objects,timeandplaceindeixisdomainsofthespeechactivities,peopleoftentendtousedeixiswordstoexpress.Thesedeixismayberejectedthe3wordsofothernon-directivewithinthesamemeaningofthewordsinpsychological,Therepulsionintheindicatedcontextoftenhasprioritywhenused.Forexample,thespeakerofaspeecheventstakingplaceisMike,thetimeisonMay10,2008,usuallythespeakerwillsay”todayIhavefiveclasses”,notsaying”onMay10Mikehasfiveclasses”.IfyoureallysaythatthehearerintuitivereactionisonMay10isnottoday,Mikeisnotthespeakerandreferstosomebodyelse.Therefore,inthisexample,thepersondeixis“I”andthetimedeixis”today”havepre-emptiveusage.2.3Anti-pre-emptivephenomenonSincetheimpactofpre-emptive,theparticipantsofspeecheventsusuallyrefertotheperson,things,objects,timeandplaceindeixisdomains.Usingnominalexpressionreferencereferstothepersonandthingsoutsidethedeixisdomains.Ifweusethenominalexpressionreferencerefertotheperson,things,time,andplaceindeixisdomains,thehearerwillcomeintobeingtherepulsiveimpactinpsychological.Thusthatisusuallynotappropriate,however,insomespecialcontextandbodylanguage,therestillbeanon-directivelanguagereplacedtotheoriginalwordswhichcanus