基于51单片机测电机转速的设计

基于51单片机测电机转速的设计[摘要]：本课题设计了一种基于单片机的电子测速仪，测速仪以89C51为数据处理主控芯片。测速仪的主要组成部分：霍尔传感器、以89C51芯片为核心的密码锁的数据处理与控制电路、输出显示电路。另外系统还有LED报警灯，单片机复位电路等。测速电路的关键问题是物理信号到电信号的转换，以及脉冲的产生、报警与复位。同时该测速仪具有低能耗、体积小、使用方便，非接触等优点，具有很强的使用价值[关键词]：单片机；测速仪51singlechipdesignofmeasurementofmotorspeedbasedonAbstract：Thisprojectistodesignakindofelectronicmeasurementinstrumentbasedonsinglechipmicrocomputer,velocimetryusing89C51asmaincontrolchipdataprocessing.Maincomponents:Holzervelocimetrysensors,takingthe89C51chipasthecorecryptographicdataprocessingandcontrolcircuit,thelockoutputdisplaycircuit.AnothersystemandLEDwarninglamp,microprocessorresetcircuitetc..Thekeyproblemofconversionspeedmeasuringcircuitisaphysicalsignaltoelectricalsignal,andthepulsegeneration,alarmandreset.Atthesametime,theinstrumenthastheadvantagesoflowenergyconsumption,smallvolume,convenientuse,non-contactandotheradvantages,hastheverystrongusevalueKeywords：MCU;velocimetry目录第一章绪论..................................................................31.1测速仪的背景与分类...................................................31.2测速仪的运用于发展...................................................31.3本设计的意义与要求...................................................1第二章单片机测速仪的主要元件介绍............................................22.1单片机89c51的介绍...................................................22.2霍尔元件的介绍.......................................................52.3比较器LM393的介绍..........................................................................................................................6第三章基于单片机测速的工作概述以及原理分析..................................93.1基于单片机测速的工作概述.............................................93.2系统硬件总电路图...............................................................................................................................93.3检测电路模块.........................................................................................................................................93.4复位电路模块........................................................103.5晶振电路模块........................................................113.6电源电路模块........................................................113.7显示电路模块......................................................................................................................................123.8报警电路模块......................................................................................................................................12第四章单片机测速系统组成...................................................134.1转速测量系统原理框图................................................134.2系统软件框图........................................................13第五章系统软件设计.........................................................145.1系统流程序..........................................................145.1.1系统主程序流程图.................................................................................................................145.1.2测速程序流..............................................................................................................................155.1.3显示流程图.............................................................................................................................165.2程序.........................................................................................................................................................21第六章单片机测速电路实物运行..............................................226.1实物整体图..........................................................226.2测速显示............................................................236.2.1转速显示...................................................................................................................................236.2.2低速报警显..............................................................................................................................246.2.3高速报警显示..........................................................................................................................25小结.........................................................................................................................................................................26致谢........................................................................27附录一单片机测速PCB原理图..................................................................................................................28附录二单片机测速元器件清单......................................................................................................................29参考文献................................................................................................................................................................30第一章绪论1.1测速仪的分类目前测量电机转速的方法很多，按照不同的理论方法，先后产生过模拟测速法(如离心式转速表、用电机转矩或者电机电枢电动势计算所得)、同步测速法(如机械式或闪光式频闪测速仪)以及计数测速法。计数测速法又可分为机械式定时计数法和电子式定时计数法。传统的电机转速检测多采用测速发电机或光电数字脉冲编码器，也有采用电磁式(利用电磁感应原理或可变磁阻的霍尔元件等)、电容式(对高频振荡进行幅值调制或频率调制)等，还有一些特殊的测速器是利用置于旋转体内的。1.2测速仪的运用与发展在工程实践中,经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合,例如在发动机、电动机卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中,常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外,还要保