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1名词1.名词就是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等的名称的词。个体名词:单个人/物可数名词普通名词集体名词:一群人/一些事总称物质名词:无法分为个体的物质材料2.名词不可数名词抽象名词:人/物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词专有名词:专门指代某一人、物、地点、机构、组织等的名词,首字母一般要大写3.可数名词的数可数名词有单、复数的区分,当数量大于一时,就要用复数形式。⑴Afterhehadtwopotatoesandthree_________(西红柿)forhisbreakfast,hewenttotwodifferent_________(公司)tobuyten______(盒)of______(钢笔)andtwoboxesof_______(小刀).归纳总结:•名词变复数,一般情况下直接加_________;•以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾,加__________;•以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为________,再加_________;•以f或fe结尾的常用名词,把f或fe改为____________;•以o结尾的名词,一般加______,但________________却要加es。⑵Thetwo___________(过路人)withno____(脚)andlegs,whowere__________(成年人),foundthattwo_____________(女教师),togetherwithagroupof_______(小孩),wererunningafterafew____(老鼠)and______(棉羊).归纳总结:2•含man的名词,一般变man为________,但German—_________;•将oo改为ee的有____________________________________等;•复数以en结尾的有child—children,ox—oxen等;•将ouse改为ice的有mouse—mice,louse—lice(虱子)等;•单复数同形的有sheep,deer,fish,aircraft(飞机),means,works(工厂),Swiss,Japanese,Chinese等;•合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词,如passers-by,fathers-in-law,没有主体名词的,直接在词尾加s,如grown-ups。4.不可数名词的特点(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不可直接用不定冠词、数词,或few,many等修饰,但可用some,much,agreatdealof等修饰。(2)转化:有的不可数名词可转化为可数名词,如,表示种类时:varioussteels(各种钢);表示具体的人或事物时:success(成功的人或事)等;表示“一场/段/件……”时:aheavysnow(一场大雪);表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等;twoteasandacoffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡);表示不同意思时:paper(纸——不可数;报纸——可数)。注意:有些不可数名词是无论什么情况下也没有复数形式的,即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的,可称作“绝对不可数名词”。如,advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture等。5.名词所有格翻译下列短语:⑴________________汤姆的父亲⑵________________教师办公室(3)_________________狄更斯(Dickens)的小说⑷___________________汤姆和约翰的朋友⑸___________________理发店⑹___________________我叔叔的家3⑺___________________今天的新闻⑻___________________那本书的封面归纳总结:有生命的人或物,以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词,其所有格一般用“_________”表示,若是以s结尾的名词后只加“________”。无生命的东西的所有格一般用_________表示。补充:beof+use/value/importance等抽象名词,其用法相当于形容词的用法,在句中可做表语、补语等。Thebookisofgreatuse.=____________________________________6.名词的用法与语境分析主要用法所处语境1在谓语之前Thebookwasstolen.2在谓语之后Ihaveaproblem.在介词之后Shesufferedfromloneliness.3在系动词之后Mybrotherisaworker.4在主语之后谓语之前Westudentsshouldstudyhard.5在宾语之后WemadeTomourmonitor.6在另一个名词之前goldmedal金牌(材料)colorfilm彩色电影(类别)sportsshoes运动鞋(用途)7.名词与语法填空⑴做语法填空时,我们可以根据名词在句中的作用来判断是否填名词。⑵名词通常在________(如aworker)、__________(如hisillness)、__________(如thisbook)、______________(如theauthor’sname),及some,any,many,alotof等限定语后。4语法专练1._______(Anne)sisterMargotwasveryupsetthatthefamilyhadtomove.However,sheknewthatshehadgottogothroughallthe__________(difficult)withherfamily.2.Since“Lifeisastage”,weareactuallyallactorsand_________(act).Onthisstage,everyonehashisownroletoplay,andIwilltrymybesttoplaymyrolewell.3.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial_________(express).4.LangLangisaworld-classyoung________(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.5.It’sveryimportanttoteachthechildrenaboutroad________(safe).6.Your________(kind)isgrateful.7.Therearetwoimportant__________whyweofferyouthegoodsnow.8.Theexcitingresultfilleduswith__________(proud).9.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoherelder________(sister).10.Thesuccessofourexperimentisagreat________(satisfy)tous.11.Hehasnevershownmuch_____________(consider)forherfeeling.12.Idon’tlikethe_________inwhichyoulaughather.13.His____________(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident.注意:语法填空中,一般不会像在完型填空中那样,要求根据上下文来确定填某个名词。如果考,也只限于reason,way,situation等较为特殊的词。Someyearsago,SARSbrokeoutinthemainlandofChina,causingsomepeopletobekilledornearlygotcloseto(1)_______(die).Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime(2)_______(debate)whoistoblame.Themostimportantthingforthe(3)__________(govern)todoistofindoutthecauseofthisdeadly(4)_______(ill).Theyinvitedalltheexpertsinthisfieldtodiscussandquiteafew(5)______(suggest)wereputforward.Someofthetopexpertspickedoutthosesuggestionsandtestedthemtoseewhethertheywereavailable.DoctorZhongNanshanchoseone_______whowasseriouslyillandhadlittlehopeof(6)_______(pick)upandhadthenew(7)_______(medical)testedonhim.Tohisgreat(8)_______(joyful),thispatientrecovered!Hemadehiswaytohis(9)_______(official)andtelephonedtothetopofficial,tellinghimthisexcitingnews.For(10)_______(convenient),hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.Hismethoddidmakesense.Notsoonafterthat,theotherhospitalalsocontrolledthisterriblediseaseandkickeditoutfinally.
本文标题:高三英语语法复习名词解析
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