牛津8下-Unit-7-Grammar

1.这些案例中约80%能够被预防和治愈。2.这架飞机也被用作一个训练中心。3.当地的医生和护士被邀请到飞机上来学习眼科手术。4.给150位病人做手术。WorkinpairsandtranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.150patientsareoperatedon.About80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.Localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。1.ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Test：Whichofthefollowingsentencesarepassivevoice?Findoutthepredicate(谓语).Explanation:什么时候使用被动语态(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight.Thisbookwassoldoutyesterday.(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.RiceisfirstgrowninChina.MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。注意：在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的结构1.一般现在时am/is/are(not)+及物动词的过去分词（过去分词缩写成：P.P.）2.一般过去时was/were(not)+及物动词的过去分词Explanation：用所给动词的被动语态填空:1)yourroom________(clean)everyday?2)Ourclassroom_____________(notclean)yesterday.3)Bothofthetwobooks__________(lose)lastSunday.4)Thestudents___________(ask)tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday.5)---When________thiskindofcomputer________(make)inHongKong?---In2000.Iscleanedwasn’tcleanedwerelostareaskedwasmade抓关键词确定时态!areplannedtohelpthepoorWhattheydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).arehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.iscalledwasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuilt1.自学P138，将下列句子改为被动语态的句子：Hecleansthewindowseveryday.Shegivesmeagift.（双宾语）Weoftenhearhimplaythepiano.（使役动词或感官动词）2.思考总结主动语态变为被动语态的方法含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态的方法含有使役动词或感官动词的主动语态变被动语态的方法3.自学P139试归纳：哪些动词无被动？哪些动词和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用，无被动？TheirHomeworke.g.(1)Hecleansthewindowseveryday.(2)studentsfinishedtheirhomeworkyesterday.arecleanedbyhimeveryday.Thewindowswasfinishedbystudentsyesterday.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法主语谓语宾语（1）宾变主。（人称代词，宾格要变为主格）（2）谓语变成被动结构（注意人称和数以及时态）（3）主变宾，加介词by（人称代词，宾格要变为主格）Explanation：含有双宾语的短语，将直接宾语(物)变为主语时，要添加to或for+sb.常见：give/show/tell/buy/lend/offer/sendsb.sth1).Shegivesmeagift.=Iamgivenagiftbyher.→Agiftisgiventomebyher2).Mymotherboughtmeadressyesterday.=Iwasboughtadressbymymotheryesterday.→Adresswasboughtformebymymotheryesterday.Explanation：1).Weoftenhearhimplaythepiano.2).Shemademewaitforalongtimeyesterday.Iwasmadetowaitforalongtimeyesterday.宾补是V--ing形式，应继续用V--ing形式Weheardthebirdssinginginthetreejustnow.Thebirdswereheardsinginginthetreejustnow.Heisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.see/watch/hear/make/helpsbdosth等动词短语改成被动语态后要添加to.•Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened1.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…•PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.有些动词与well,easily连用，如sellwell,readeasily:•Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writes•Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells2.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,die…Explanation（无被动）：Test：1.Thiskindofshoes_______inthismall.(sell)Thiskindofshoes_______wellinthismall.2.Rice___________inSouthChina.(grow)Rice__________wellinSouthChina.issoldsellsisgrowngrowsHomework•1完成解题册Grammar.•2先学Inte.