美国1educationintheUSA详解

ASurveyoftheUK&theUSAChapter11:EducationintheUSAOBJECTIVESdescribethelocationoftheunitedstatesidentifythefamousriversandlakesillustratethefactorsthatinfluencetheclimateexplainhowthegeographyinfluencesthetradeintheUSAAmericanperceptionofeducationEducationsystemFamousUniversities6/9/2020QuotationIttookalotofblood,sweatandtearstogettowherewearetoday,butwehavejustbegun.Todaywebegininearnesttheworkofmakingsurethattheworldweleaveourchildrenisjustalittlebitbetterthantheoneweinhabittoday.----BarackHusseinObamaIIINTRODUCTIONEducationisanaspectofU.S.societythatismoreopen,morediverseandmoreinclusivethaneverbeforeinourhistory.Bycontinuingtoadaptandimproveoursystemofeducation,theUnitedStatescanbecomeastrongernationandcontinuetoworkwithothernationstobringpeace,prosperityandeducationtocitizensthroughouttheworld.PreschoolPrimaryEducationSecondaryEducationHigherEducationUnderstandingdiversity1.2.3.4.Fromthefollowingitems,thinkaboutwhatthecharacteristicsofAmericaneducationareindetails?FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.Apubliceducationisfreeandcompulsory.DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Educationisafunctionofthestates,notthefederalgovernment.TheConditionofEducation2000TheConditionofEducation2000,theU.S.DepartmentofEducationannualreport,pinpointedevidencethatcurrentpoliciesandprogramsareontherighttrack.Thereportfoundthatthebenefitsofattendingcollegearegreatertodaythaneverbefore.Today,manymorestudentsintheUnitedStatesaretakingrigorousscienceandmathcoursesthatpreparethemforcollegethaninyearspast.In1970,theaverageyoungAmericanmalewithabachelor'sdegreehadanincome24percenthigherthanthatofonepossessingmerelyahighschooldiploma.Asof1998,thecollegebonusformenhadrisento56percent.ForyoungAmericanwomen,thecollegebonusrosefrom82percentin1970to100percentin1998.InformalAmericanteachersencouragestudentstothinkforthemselvesInsteadofgradingstudentsonlyontestscores,teachersevaluatepapers,groupprojectsandclassparticipationaswell.Studentsoftenhavetothinkcreativelytosolveproblemsnotjustmemorizefacts.Studentsalsolearnhowtodoresearchbyusingresourcematerialstofindtheirownanswers.Inthisway,classroomsillustratetheAmericanemphasisonindividualresponsibility.TheAmericanstyleofeducationInadditiontotheirrequiredcourses,highschoolandcollegestudentsmaychooseelectivecourses.Theseelectivesallowstudentstostudysubjectsthatinterestthem.FreedomofChoiceEducationintheUnitedStatesEducationintheUnitedStatesismainlyprovidedbythepublicsector,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:local,state,andfederal,inthatorder.Childeducationiscompulsory,andtherearealsoalargenumberandwidevarietyofhighereducationinstitutionsthroughoutthecountrythatonecanchoosetoattend,bothpubliclyandprivatelyadministered.Theagesforcompulsoryeducationvarybystate.Itbeginsfromagesfivetoeightandendsfromagesfourteentoeighteen.Inmostpublicandprivateschools,educationisdividedintothreelevels:elementaryschool,middleschool(sometimescalledjuniorhighschool),andhighschool(sometimesreferredtoassecondaryeducation).Kindergarten1.IntheU.Sthefirststeptoclimbtheeducationladderiskindergarten2.Itismandatorytobeginwithkindergartenattheageoffiveorsix3.Thisisthefirstgradeofthetwelvegradesofschooling.4.Ingeneral,astudentlearnsbasicarithmeticandsometimesrudimentaryalgebrainmathematics,Englishproficiency(suchasbasicgrammar,spelling,andvocabulary),andfundamentalsofothersubjects.ElementarySchoolteachersaretrainedwithemphasesonhumancognitiveandpsychologicaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofcurriculumdevelopmentandinstruction.TeacherstypicallyearneitheraBachelorsorMastersDegreeinEarlyChildhoodandElementaryEducation.Theteachingofsocialstudiesandscienceareoftenunderdevelopedinelementaryschoolprograms.ElementarySchoolAhighschoolclassroominGeorgiaJuniorandseniorhighschoolMiddleschoolandJuniorhighschoolincludethegradelevelsintermediatebetweenelementaryschoolandseniorhighschool.Middleschoolusuallyincludessixth,seventhandeighthgrade;Juniorhightypicallyincludesseventh,eighth,andninthgrades.Usually,startinginninthgrade,gradesbecomepartofastudent'sofficialtranscript.Seniorhighschoolisaschoolattendedafterjuniorhighschool.Highschoolisoftenusedinsteadofseniorhighschoolanddistinguishedfromjuniorhighschool.Highschoolusuallyrunseitherfrom9ththrough12th,or10ththrough12thgrade.Thestudentsinthesegradesarecommonlyreferredtoasfreshmen(grade9),sophomores(grade10),juniors(grade11)andseniors(grade12).Science(usuallythreeyearsminimum,normallybiology,chemistryandphysics)Mathematics(usuallyfouryearsminimum,normallyincludingalgebra,geometry,pre-calculus,statistics,andevencalculus)English(usuallyfouryearsminimum,includingliterature,humanities,composition,orallanguages,etc.)Socialsciences(usuallythreeyearsminimum,includingvarioushistory,government/economicscourses)Physicaleducation(atleasttwoyears)ThefollowingminimumcoursesofstudyinmandatorysubjectsarerequiredinnearlyallU.S.highschools:CollegeanduniversityPost-secondaryeducationintheUnitedStatesisknownascollegeoruni