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..word版本表格式现在完成时的时态和语态现在完成时特点要点内容现在完成时概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时标志语already,yet,just,before,sofar,for+一段时间,since+过去时间(twoyearsago)或者一般过去时态的从句recently,inthepastfewyears“在过去的几年里”inthelastfewyears“在最后几年里,still,lately,often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion“偶尔”,now,thismorningupto(直到)thesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,today,uptopresent(now)“到现在为止谓语动词的时态构成have/has(主语是三单)+done谓语动词语态构成形式have/has+been+done温馨提示(重要考点)1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。2.现在完成时常见的几种句型:①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)Ithasbeen+一段时间+since从句(过去时)Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)This/Thatis..word版本thefirst(second,third.....)time+现在完成时的句子温馨提示:过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则一样,动词结尾+ed。不规则的要逐个记忆不规则:go-went(过去式)---gone(过去分词)如规则的:play---played(过去式)--played(过去分词)Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.is\amflybeginareplaygodrinkworkmakepassdoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawput一、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组,特殊结构的用法1.九个重点标志语的用法①already已经肯定句中或句尾Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork...word版本⑥before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2、三词组用法区别:(1)havehasgoneto“去了某地”,主语不在说话现场,通过“WhereisTom”,或者“Myfatherisn’tin/athome.”来体现。Isyourfatherin?No,hehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)(2)havehasbeento“去过某地”,通过already,yet,just,before,ever,never,once,twice,数字+次数times标志语来体现。HehasbeentoBeijingtwice。(他曾去过北京两次)(3)havehasbeenin“去了某地多久”+for+时间段(标志语)HehasbeeninBeijingfortenyears.(4)havehasgoneto/havehasbeento/havehasbeenin后面接here,there,home要省去to,in。Hehasbeenherefortwohours.3、两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3..word版本since3yearsagoyearsago.since1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.二、现在完成时的四个基本句型:(1).肯定句:主语+has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Youhavetalked.They(I)havealreadyfinishedtheirhomework..(2).否定句:主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的。Hehasn’treturnedfromabroadYouhaven’ttalked.(3).一般疑问句:Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的?HasPeterwrittensixpaperssofar?Haveyoutalked?(4).特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?HowlonghasThomasstudiedRussian?三.现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词1.延续性动词和非延续性动的区别:(1)延续性动词定义:表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响,可以和for+时间段,since+过去时间连接。..word版本如:learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live(2)非延续性动词:也叫终止性动词或者瞬间动词,一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。如:leave\start\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\complete\become\come\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow2.常见的短暂性动词分类(非延续性动词):(1)方向性动词:come,go,/arrive/getto/reach,move,leave,open,close,joinbuy/catch,borrow,lend,getup,become,fallin(2)开始结束性动词:start,begin,finish,end,diebreak,marry,lose(3)结果性动词:hear,see,find(温馨提示:结果性动词不用进行态,不和延续性时间连用)3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法:表示短暂意义的动词(非延续性动词),可以用完成时,但是不和for+时间段,since+过去时间,可转换成表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表示相同的意思。(因为for+时间段,since+过去时间是一段时间状语,属于延续性时间,要和延续性动词连用)可以说Hehasarrivedhere...word版本不能说:Hehasarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago.)可以说:HehasbeenherefortenminutesHehasbeenheresincetenminutesago.)Itistenminutessincehearrivedhere.可以说:Hehasn’tarrivedherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago).Hashebeenherefortenminutes(sincetenminutesago)?Hehasdiedtwoyearsago.(用since或者for改写句子)Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种:①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.(改为固定句型Itis---since---)④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.(改为否定句)⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(since3yearsago。)(用延续性动词have代替buy)4.延续性动词和非延续性动词转换关系:①come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years.(错)..word版本②leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.(错)③begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)④open→beopen/close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.(错)⑤die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)⑥finish/end→beoverHehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)⑦join→beinbea….Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→haveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)⑨borrow,lend→keepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)还有其它的归纳如下:break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost\5、现在完成时态还常用于下列句型:..word版本①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语HehasbeentoShanghaiforthreeyears.②Itis+一段时间+since从句(过去时)ItistwodayssinceIarrivedhere.Itis+一段时间+that从句(现在完成时)Itistwoyearssthatwehavelivedhere.③This/Thatisthefirst(second,third.....)time+现在完成时的句子ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。现在完成时基础练习一(现在完成时态的标志语用法)三.用所给的单词填空。A.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?No,not___________.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions________3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.B.用since或for1)
本文标题:高中现在完成时与练习题
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